Radiographic Testing Level I

Front 1

Although there may be other reasons for using calcium tungstate screens in industrial radiography, they are most usually used to:

Back 1

Decrease exposure time.

Light more easily develops film than radiation. Calcium tungstate produces light when exposed to radiation decreasing the amount of time needed. However this also causes blurry film

Front 2

An excellent radiograph is obtained under given exposure conditions with a tube current of 5 mA and an exposure of 12 Minutes. If other conditions are not changed what exposure time would be required if the X-ray tube current could be raised to 10 mA

Back 2

6 Minutes

Front 3

In Film Radiography, penetrameters are usually placed:

Back 3

On the source side of the test object

Front 4

When Radiographing to the 2-2T quality level, an ASTM penetrameter for 13 mm (0.5") thick 2024 aluminium alloy has a thickness of

Back 4

13mm (0.5")

Front 5

The penetrating avility of an X-ray beam is governed by?

Back 5

Kilovoltage (KV) governs the penetrating ability of xray beams

Front 6

Co-60 used in nondestructive testing emits?

Back 6

Cobalt-60 emits Gamma Rays

Front 7

A densitometer is an instrument for measuering?

Back 7

Film Density

Front 8

Three liquids which are essential to process exposed film properly are

Back 8

Developer, Fixer, Water

(Stop bath may be used following the developing stage. However if this is not available the use of Water will suffice)

Front 9

The two most common causes for excessively high-density radiographs are?

Back 9

Overexposure, and overdevelopment

Front 10

The time required for one-half of the atoms in a particular sample of radioactive material do disintegrate is called?

Back 10

A Half-life

Front 11

What does the term R/h refer to when speaking of intensity?

Back 11

Roentgens per hour

Front 12

The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called

Back 12

Radiographic Sensitivity

Front 13

Movement, Geometry, and screen contact are three factors that affect radiographic

Back 13

Unsharpness

Front 14

The difference between the densities of two areas of a radiograph is called?

Back 14

Radiographic Contrast

Front 15

The Most widely used unit of measurement for measuring the rate at which the output of a gamma ray source decays

Back 15

Curie

(a unit of radioactivity, corresponding to 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second.)

Front 16

Exposure to x-rays or gamma rays:

a. may have a cumulative effect which must be considered

b. will be beneficial since they build up an immunity to radiation

c. will have no effect on human beings

d. will have only short-term effect on human tissues

Back 16

May have a cumulative effect which must be considered.

Front 17

Which dose would be dangerous, if not fatal, if applied to the entire body in a short period of time.

Back 17

200-800 R

Front 18

When doing gamma ray radiography with high-intensity emitters, the sources are best handled?

Back 18

by remote handling equipement

Front 19

If a film is placed in a developer solution and allowed to develop without agitation what will occur?

Back 19

Waste products flow down the film causing some of the areas of the film to not develop properly.

Front 20

The selection of the proper type of film to be used for the X-ray examination of a particular part depends on

Back 20

1. the thickness of the part

2. the material of the specimen

3. the voltage range of the available x-ray machine.

Front 21

Cobalt 60 has a half life of?

Back 21

5.3 years

Front 22

X-ray tube current is controlled by?

Back 22

The current passing through the fillament

Front 23

The voltage and waveform applied to the X-ray tube by a high-voltage transformer primarily determines thed

Back 23

The penetrating ability

Front 24

Lead foil in direct contact with X-ray film

Back 24

Intensifies the primary radiation more than the scatter radiation

Front 25

Fluorescent intensifying screens are usually mounted in pairs in ridged holders called

Back 25

Cassettes

Front 26

Radiographic sensitivity, in the context of the minimum detectable flaw size, depends on:

Back 26

Graininess of the film, the unsharpness of the flaw image in the film, the contrast of the flaw image on the film.

Front 27

In order to decrease geometric unsharpness:

Back 27

Radiation should proceed from as small a focal spot as other considerations will allow

Front 28

As the KV applied to the X-ray tube is raised

Back 28

X-rays of shorter wavelength and more penetrating power are produced.

Front 29

In order to increase the intensity of X-Radiation

Back 29

The tube current should be increased

Front 30

Primary radiation which strikes a film older or cassette through a thin portion of the specimen will cause scattering into the shadows of the adjacent thicker portions producing an effect called

Back 30

Undercut

Front 31

Scattered radiation caused by any material, such as a wall or floor, on the film side of the specimen is referred to as:

Back 31

Backscatter, or Secondary radiation

Front 32

Which of the following materials is suitable for us in vessels or pails and used to mix processing solution

Back 32

stainless steel

Front 33

Which would be especially sensitive to injury by excessive exposure to X or Gamma Rays

Back 33

-Blood

-Lens of the eye

-Internal Organs