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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Variable |
Anything that can vary among participants in a study |
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Hypothesis |
A statement predicting the outcome of a scientific study or desribing the relationship among variables in a study |
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Falsifiability |
The possibility that an assertion can be shown false by an observation or experiment |
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Independent variable |
To make a test controlled, one must account for the.... |
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Basic research |
Explores questions that you may be curious about, but not intended to be immediately used |
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Experimental method |
A kind of research in which the researcher controls and manipulates the conditions including the IV |
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Confounding variables |
Variables that have unwanted influence on the outcome of an experiment |
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Group matching |
Ensure that experimental and control group are equivalent on some criterions |
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Representative sample |
A sample obtained in such a way that it reflects the distribution of important variables in the larger population in which the researcher are interested variables such as age, SES, ethnicity, education |
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Ex posto facto |
Research in which we choose subjects based on a pre existing condition |
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Correlation study |
Where researchers try to show the relationship or correlation between 2 variables |
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Positive correlation |
Variables go in same direction |
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Negative correlation |
Variables go in opposite directions |
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Longitudinal study |
One group or subject is studied for an extended period of time to observe changes in the long term |
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Cross sectional studies |
Look at cross section of the population and studies them at one point in time |
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Personal/experimenter bias |
When the researcher allows his or her expectations to affect the outcome of the study |
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The barnum effect |
Tendency for people to accept very general or vague characterizations of themselves and take them to be accurate |
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Hawthorne effect |
Some people work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment |
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Order effects |
The positioning of question or tasks in a survey, test, ect., influences the outcome. This is designed to measure whether the order of the questions makes a difference in the outcome of the survey |
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Descriptive statistics |
Used to describe a set of data |
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Frequency distribution |
A summary chart which shows how frequently each of the various scores in a set of data occur |
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Normal distribution |
The Standard deviation and mean all together tell us a lot about the distribution of scores |
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Correlation coefficient |
A statistical measure of the extent to which 2 factors relate to one another |
