Psych 257 Final Exam

Front 1

Circumstantial speech

Back 1

hyper-detailed, vague connection but goes on and on

Front 2

tangential speech

Back 2

going off on a tangent, hopping from one topic to another and not sure how they got there

Front 3

loose association/derailment

Back 3

still talking in sentences, but sentences are not related

Front 4

word salad

Back 4

sentence structure is falling apart

Front 5

echolalia

Back 5

parroting back words they've heard that day, repeating a single word

Front 6

clanging

Back 6

weird rhyming, stuck on repetitive syllable

Front 7

neologism

Back 7

making up words

Front 8

preservation

Back 8

stuck on one idea and keep talking about it "I understand the rules of the requirements of the rules of the requirements"

Front 9

thought blocking

Back 9

pauses/freezes while speaking

Front 10

poverty of speech

Back 10

frequency of speech decreases or is absent

Front 11

avolition

Back 11

loss of motivation to self-initiate purposeful activities (feeding, showering)

Front 12

flat affect

Back 12

diminished emotional expression, no expression or tone, inappropriate affect (laughing without a present stimulus)

Front 13

alogia

Back 13

diminishing speech output

Front 14

anhedonia

Back 14

loss of experiencing pleasure

Front 15

asociality

Back 15

lack of interest in social interaction

Front 16

persecutory delusions

Back 16

harm, being conspired against

Front 17

referential

Back 17

beliefs that events or objects have personally relevant meanings

Front 18

somatic

Back 18

perception of a change in bodily function or appearance

Front 19

erotomanic

Back 19

secret lover that no one knows about

Front 20

nihilistic

Back 20

catastrophe-driven

Front 21

grandiose delusions

Back 21

possession of special abilities, powers, over-inflated sense of self-importance

Front 22

tardative dyskinesia

Back 22

permanent movement disorder from long-term use of antipsychotics

Front 23

paranoid type

Back 23

least disabling, best prognosis, prominent positive symptoms, but absence of impaired cognitive functioning

Front 24

disorganized type

Back 24

characterized by disorganized speech and behaviour, notably flat/inappropriate affect, worst prognosis and most disabling

Front 25

catatonic type

Back 25

psychomotor disturbances which may present as immobility, rigid movement, extreme negativism

Front 26

residual type

Back 26

has had at least 1 schizophrenic episode with negative symptoms, but is currently not experiencing positive symptoms

Front 27

most studied feature of the brain when examining schizophrenia

Back 27

frontal and temporal lobes

Front 28

anorexia: restricting type

Back 28

weight loss through dieting, fasting or excessive exercising

Front 29

anorexia: binge eating/purging type

Back 29

weight loss through binge eating or purging in the last 3 months

Front 30

escape from self-awareness model: eating disorders

Back 30

binge-eating occurs in order to escape high levels of aversive self-awareness

Front 31

criteria for personality disorders

Back 31

deviation in the following areas:

1) cognition

2) affectivity

3) interpersonal functioning

4) impulse control

Front 32

cluster A

Back 32

schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid, odd and eccentric (paranoid personality disorder)

Front 33

cluster B

Back 33

antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, (dramatic, emotional, erratic) antisocial personality disorder

Front 34

cluster C

Back 34

dependent, avoident, obsessive-compulsive (anxious, fearful) OCD, dependent personality disorder

Front 35

5 higher order domains

Back 35

Negative affectivity (large range of negative emotions), antagonism, disinhibition, detachment, psychoticism

Front 36

egosyntonic

Back 36

they do not view the disorder as a problem

Front 37

egodystonic

Back 37

they see the disorder as a problem and causes distress

Front 38

dissociative amnesia

Back 38

inability to recall important events (suppressed memories of sexual abuse)

Front 39

dissociative fugue

Back 39

sudden, inexplicit flight from home, not knowing who they are or how they got there, very uncommon

Front 40

depersonalization disorder

Back 40

feeling of being detachment from oneself (normal and not pathological)

Front 41

psychodynamic/trauma model

Back 41

abuse in childhood, dissociates to protect self, does so often that personality fractures

Front 42

sociocognitive model

Back 42

patient is highly suggestible and therapist who believes in other model subjects sessions to confirmation bias and reinforces symptoms of DID

Front 43

factitious disorder

Back 43

harming self or others for medical attention

Front 44

conversion disorder

Back 44

patients experience neurological symptoms without any evidence for this occurring (commonly seen in primitive societies and uneducated people)

Front 45

psychogenic seizures

Back 45

events that resemble a seizure without the characteristics seen in the brain, treatment is the same as the sociocognitive model for DID

Front 46

body dysmorphic disorder

Back 46

excessive preoccupation with certain aspects of their physical appearance (hair is #1)

Front 47

Havelock Ellis: the psychology of sex

Back 47

objective and non-judgmental, sexual problems are psychological and not physical, deviations from the norm are harmless (gay stuff)

Front 48

Richard von Krafft-Ebing: 200 cases of pathological sexuality

Back 48

coined and described many terms like pedophilia, bestiality, necrophilia, sexual deviations are treatable mental illnesses, not objective or tolerant

Front 49

Magnus Hirschfeld

Back 49

created first sex research institute, sex surveys, destroyed by nazis

Front 50

Alfred Kinsey (zoologist)

Back 50

first large-scale study of sexuality that survived, criticized and viewed as immoral and obscene

Front 51

Masters and Johnson

Back 51

lab data dispelled many misconceptions about sex/sexuality, they did the circular levels of sex

Front 52

intersexual

Back 52

born with genitalia that doesn't fit with male or female sex, ambiguous

Front 53

hermaphrodite

Back 53

both genitalia

Front 54

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Back 54

female internal structures, masculinized external genitals

Front 55

gender dysphoria

Back 55

discontent with biological sex and gender roles of sex

Front 56

autogynephilic

Back 56

fantasies about one's own body as female is sexually exciting

Front 57

Kinsey continuum

Back 57

classifying sexual orientation (where does asexuality exist?)

Front 58

voyeuristic disorder

Back 58

observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, derobing, or having sex

Front 59

exhibitionistic disorder

Back 59

exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers

Front 60

frotteuristic disorder

Back 60

touching or rubbing up against a non-consenting person for pleasure

Front 61

2 main directions of clinical child psychology

Back 61

adult-based approaches applied to child populations with modifications and child-specific approaches

Front 62

intellectual disability

Back 62

mental retardation was used in the 60s, asylum model in 18-20th century, significant dysfunction in intellectual and adaptive functioning

Front 63

social communication disorder

Back 63

persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication, early onset

Front 64

specific learning disorder

Back 64

usually reading, writing, mathematics

Front 65

dyscalculia

Back 65

math disorder

Front 66

autism spectrum disorder

Back 66

1 - social-emotional reciprocity

2 - nonverbal communicative behaviours used for social interaction

3 - developing and maintaining relationships

Front 67

ADHD

Back 67

inattentive and hyperactive

Front 68

motor disorders

Back 68

coordinated motor skills are below expected, clumsy and inaccurate performance

Front 69

Tic disorders, Tourette disorder

Back 69

both motor and vocal impairments are required for this diagnosis

Front 70

3 substantive criteria for fitness to stand trial

Back 70

1 - whether the accused is mute of malice

2 - whether the accused can pleas to the formal accusation

3 - if the accused has the intellectual capacity to comprehend the course of the proceedings on trial

Front 71

impairment in any of these 3 areas result in not being able to be fit to stand

Back 71

1 - understand the nature and object of the proceedings

2 - understand the possible consequences of the proceedings

3 - accused is able to communicate with the counsel

Front 72

4 factors required for criminal responsibility

Back 72

actus reus, men rea (mind), causation, defense

Front 73

2 principles of temporary substitute decision makers

Back 73

best interest principle and capable wishes principle

Front 74

involuntary hospitalization

Back 74

civil commitment, the detention of people against their will for their own and others' protection