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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Synaptogenesis
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Proliferation of connections at the synapses
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Average newborn height and weight:
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7.5 lbs and 20 inches long
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Infant States (6)
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- Quiet/regular sleep
- Active/irregular sleep (REM) - Sleep-wake transition - Alert (best for face-to-face) - Non-alert waking (low to high motor activity) - Fussing and crying |
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Habituation
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child shows less responsiveness to the same stimulus over trials
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Preference studies
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measure preference by observing how long infant looks at stimulus
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Visual accommodation
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occurs when small, involuntary muscles change the shape of the lens of the eye (3 months)
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Saccades
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Rapid eye movements to inspect an object or view something in the periphery (more accurate 3-4 months)
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Smooth visual pursuit
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Newborns can detect movement and track a slowly moving object
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Visual perception at 2 months
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externality effect and preference of human faces
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Visual cliff
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Ellener Gibson, 8 month babies
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Body growth during first year
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9.8 inches (25 cm)
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Constructivist theory (Piaget)
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we constantly construct and re-construct our understanding of the world
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Invariant sequence stages (4)
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- Sensori-motor (first 2 yrs)
- Preoperational - Concrete operational - Formal thought |
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Schemes
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Plans for knowing. Cognitive structure underlying organized patterns of thought or behavior
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Assimilation
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Process by which a child or adult relates to and modifies experience in accordance with existing schemes
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Accommodation
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The process by which existing schemes are modified to fit experience or new schemes are developed
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Social cognition
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any skill related to managing and decoding people's emotions and getting along with other human beings
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Joint attention
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The first sign of understanding human intentions (baby drawn to an obj adult pointing to, or follows a persons gaze)
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Bonding
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The process by which a caregiver develops an emotional attachment to the baby
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Attachment
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A strong emotional bond that emerges between infant and caregiver. Baby --> caregiver
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Pre-attachment Stage
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birth to 3 months
- reflex dominated, social smile |
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Attachment in the making
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4 to 7 months
- slight preference for caregivers, but still responsive to everyone |
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Clear-cut attachment
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7 to 8 months
- stranger anxiety and separation anxiety, social-referencing |
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Working model of attachment
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at age 3
- when child is under stress, need contact |
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The strange situation: Mary Ainsworth
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Seperation anxiety, stranger
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Securely attached
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- Child uses primary caregiver as secure base
- Child reacts with joy upon return |
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Insecurely attached
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Avoidant, mom too intrusive, indifferent to return
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Anxious-Ambivalent
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clingy, fearful, fear of exploration, mom not providing enough interactions
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Disorganized attachment
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bizarre behaviors, may freeze, look frightened, ect, often result of abuse
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Harry Harlow
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- contact comfort with monkeys
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John Bowlby
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Primary attachment figure crucial to healthy development
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Temperament
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Characteristic behavioral style of approaching the world
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9 measurable characteristics of temperament
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- Activity level
- Rhythmicity - Approach-withdrawal - Adaptability - Intensity of Reaction - Quality of mood - Distractibility - Threshold of responsiveness - Attention span and persistance |
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Trust vs. Mistrust (time period)
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Birth to 18 months
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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18 months to 3 years
- Mastery of body and sense of self |
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Mirror images
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18-24 months
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Socialization
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age 2 (self-regulation difficult however)
- improves from 2-4 |
