Practice Quiz For Week 4-5

Front 1

Age of the Earth:

Back 1

4.5 BYA

Front 2

Oldest known fossils:

Back 2

3.465 BYA

Front 3

Oldest known eukaryotic fossils:

Back 3

1.75 BYA

Front 4

Oldest known multicellular eukaryotic fossils:

Back 4

580 MYA

Front 5

Oldest known animal fossils:

Back 5

565 MYA

Front 6

Oldest known plant fossils:

Back 6

425 MYA

Front 7

The banded iron formations appear in sedimentary rocks that were (mostly) formed between 2.2 and 2.8 billion years ago. What is the significance of the banded iron formations in understanding the history of life?

Back 7

Evidence of 1st appearance of oxygen

Front 8

Many biologists believe that the appearance of plant fossils in the Silurian Period are a marker for when the land surface became available for occupation. Why might the land surface have been hostile to life prior to the Silurian?

Back 8

Early atmosphere contained co2, lacked o2. O2 makes up the ozone layer which protects from uv

Front 9

The proposition that life evolved from inorganic molecules (through the following sequence of events: inorganic molecules → simple organic molecules → organic macromolecules → complex structures → cells) is generally referred to as:

Back 9

Evolution?

Front 10

What is the name of the hypothesis that RNA was the original genetic molecule, and that DNA replaced RNA in this function later?

Back 10

RNA world hypothesis

Front 11

Who were the first researchers that were able to demonstrate the formation of simple organic molecules from inorganic precursors (using energy discharges in a sealed reaction vessel)?

Back 11

Miller and Urey

Front 12

Briefly explain why viruses are not included in the three domains of living things:

Back 12

Lack cell structure

Lack metabolism

No growth/development

Don't interact w/ environment

Front 13

Viral nucleic acids are surrounded by a protein layer called the:

Back 13

Capsid

Front 14

Compare and contrast a lytic viral reproductive cycle with a lysogenic viral reproductive cycle:

Back 14

Lytic:Found in virulent viruses

a) attaches to plasma membrane

b) nucleic acid enters cell

c) host cell dna is destroyed

Lysogenic: temperate viruses

a) attaches to plasma membrane

b) viral dna becomes active

Front 15

Name one group of viruses whose nucleic acid is a single-stranded molecule of RNA:

Back 15

Togavirus, retrovirus, rhinovirus

Front 16

An infectious misfolded protein that causes other proteins to misfold is called a(n):

Back 16

Prion

Front 17

Briefly describe the cytological features of a “typical” prokaryotic cell:

Back 17

Small

Unicellular

Ribosomes

DNA Loop

Cell wall

Front 18

Most Bacteria have a cell wall composed of:

Back 18

Peptidoglycan

Front 19

How do Gram-positive bacteria differ from Gram-negative bacteria?

Back 19

Gram positive: thick layers of peptidoglycan (stain purple)

Gram negative: thin layers of peptidoglycan (stain red)