Physiology Review

Front 1

Lymph

Back 1

The fluid that moves from the blood stream into tissue spaces and then travels in its own vessels, whuch eventually drain back into the bloodstream.

Front 2

Arteries

Back 2

Blood vessels that carry blood containing fresh oxygen supplies from the heart to the tissues.

Front 3

Veins

Back 3

Bloid vessels that carry blood with the carbon dioxide it has collected from tissues back to the heart.

Front 4

Capillaries

Back 4

Minute, weblike blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and permit transfer of materials between blood and tissues.

Front 5

Plasma

Back 5

The cell free fluid part of blood and lymph.

Front 6

Intracellular fluid

Back 6

Fluid residing inside the cells that provides the medium for cellular reactions.

Front 7

Extracellular fluid

Back 7

Fluid residing outside cells that transports materials to and from the cells.

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Lungs

Back 8

The organs of gas exchange. Vlood circulating through the lungs releases its carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen to carry to tissues.

Front 9

Intestine

Back 9

The bodys long tubular organ of digestion and site of nutrient absorption.

Front 10

Liver

Back 10

A large lobed organ that lies just under the ribs. It filters the blood, removes and processes nutrients, manufactures materials for export to other parts of the body, destroys toxins or stores them to keep them out of circulation, excretes fat soluble waste products into the small intestine.

Front 11

Kidneys

Back 11

A pair of organs that filter wastes from the blood, make urine and release to the bladder for excretion.

Front 12

Hormones

Back 12

Chemicals that are secreted and released by glamds directly into the blood in response to conditions in the body that require regulation.

Front 13

Gastrin

Back 13

Is released into the blood by the stomach and small intestines in response to food intake and stimulates the release of stomach acid.

Front 14

Cholecytokinin (CCK)

Back 14

Released into the blood by the small intestine and stimulates the gallbladder to contract and the panceeas to release pancreatic fluid.

Front 15

Secritin

Back 15

Is released by the small intestine and also stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid, which aids in food digestion.

Front 16

Pancreas

Back 16

2 main functions:

Endocine function-making hormones such as insulin, released directly into the blood.

Exocrine function- the making of digestive enzymes. Released through a duct into the small intestine to assist in digestion.

Front 17

Insulin

Back 17

A hormone from the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells from the blood.

Front 18

Glucagon

Back 18

A hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream when blood glucose cpncentration drops.

Front 19

Cortex

Back 19

The thinking outer layer of the brain. Sensations of hunger and appetite are perceived here.

Front 20

Hypothalamus

Back 20

Monitors many body conditions, including availability of food and water. Senses a variety of conditions in the blood ex. Temp, glucose, salt. It signals when to adjust these.

Front 21

Fight or Flight

Back 21

The bodys hormone and nerve mediated reaction to danger.

Front 22

Neurotransmitters

Back 22

Chemucals released at end of a nerve cell when a nerve impulse fires there.they diffuse across the gap to the next cell and alter the membrane of the second cell to inhibit or excite it

Front 23

Epinepherine

Back 23

The maihor hormone that elicits the stress response.

Front 24

Norepinepherine

Back 24

A compound related to epinepherine that helps elicit the sttess response

Front 25

Metabolism

Back 25

The sum of all physical and chemical changes taking place in living cells incl. All reactions by which the body obtains and spends energy from food

Front 26

Microbes

Back 26

Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms invisable to the naked eye , some of which cause diseases. Also called micro organisms.

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Antigen

Back 27

A micribe or substance that is foreign to the body

Front 28

Immune system

Back 28

A system of tissues and organs that defend the body against antigens, foreign materials that have penetrated the skin or body linings.

Front 29

Lymphocytes

Back 29

White blood cells that participate in the immune response, B cells and T cells.

Front 30

Phagocytes

Back 30

Whitw blood cells that can ingest and destroy antigens.

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T cells

Back 31

Lymphocytes that attack antigens.

Front 32

B cells

Back 32

Respond readily to infection by dividing and releasing invader - fighting proteins.

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies.

Front 33

Antibodies

Back 33

Proteins made by cells of the immune system that are expressly designed to combine w and inactivate specific antigens.