Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the functions of the kidney |
Regulation of H2o and inorganic ion balance. Removal of metabolic waste products from blood and excretion in urine, removal of foreign chemicals in the blood and excretion in urine, gluconeogenesis and endocrine functions i |
|
|
What happens in kindey disease |
Build up of waste serious but not as bad as ECF volume and composition disturbances |
|
|
Where do adrenal glands sit |
On top of the kidney |
|
|
What are adrenal glands responsible for |
Secretion of a number of important hormones |
|
|
What is each adrenal gland composed of |
Two endocrine components: a medulla(inner part) that constitutes 20% of the gland and cortex (outer part) that constitutes the remaining 80% |
|
|
Whats the different parts of cortex |
Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis |
|
|
Whats in the zona glomerulosa |
Mineralcorticoids Na, K and water homeostasis |
|
|
What happens in zona fasciculata |
Glucocorticoids Glucose homeostasis and many others |
|
|
Whats in zona reticularis |
Sex steroids (androgens) |
|
|
Whats in the medulla |
Adrenaline and noradrenaline |
|
|
How do kidneys process plasma portion of the blood |
By removing substances from it and in a few cases by adding substances to it |
|
|
What does the renal system work with |
Cardiovascular system in an integrated manner |
|
|
How does the bowmans capsule work |
Glomerulus filtrate drains into bowmans space and then into proximal convoluted tubule Endothelium has pores to allow small molecules through Podicytes have - charge this and the basement membrane stops proteins getting through into tubular fluid |
|
|
How does macula densa sense GFR |
By na |
|
|
what does JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus) regulate |
Renal blood flow, GFR And also indirectly modulates Na balance and systemic BP |
|
|
Whats the functional unit of the kidney |
Nephron |
|
|
Each nephron consists of two functional components, what are they |
The tubular component (contains what will eventually become urine) The vascular component (blood supply) |
|
|
Each nephron consists of two functional components, what are they |
The tubular component (contains what will eventually become urine) The vascular component (blood supply) |
|
|
The mechanisms by which kidneys perform their functions depends upon what |
The relationship between the nephrons two functional components |
|
|
Three basic renal processes |
Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion |
|
|
What is gfr controlled by |
Diameters of afferent and efferent arterioles |
|
|
What things also have effect on GFR |
ADH AND RAAS |
|
|
What does autoregulation do |
Maintains blood supply and so maintains GFR Also prevents high pressure surges damaging kidneys |
|
|
High hydrostatic pressure at glomerular capillaries is due to what |
Short wide afferent arteriole (low R flow)and low narrow efferent arteriole( high R) |
|
|
What does increase gfr do to the afferent and efferent arterioles at the glomerulus |
Afferent arteriole dilates and efferent arteriole constricts Dilates due to prostaglandins, kinins, dopamine Constricts due to angiotensin II |
|
|
Low gfr on afferent and efferent arterioles |
Afferent arteriole constriction and efferent arteriole dilation Constriction by angII, noradrenaline and endothelin Dilation by ang II Blockade |
|
|
How does the kidney deal with a reduction in renal pressure |
Intrarenal redistribution of pressure and increases absorption of salt and water |
|
|
How dies the kidney deal with decreased pressure in renal arterioles and sympathetic activity |
Renin production and angiotensin II production |
|
|
What does angiotensin II Do to the kidneys |
Causes direct constriction of renal arterioles Stimulation of aldosterone synthesis- sodium absorption and increase in intravascular blood volume |
|
|
Rass is important where |
Blood pressure |
|
|
When us RASS Activated |
In response to reduced blood flow |
