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134 Cards in this Set
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Self concept |
Our understand of outselves |
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Self esteem |
how we feel about who we are; evaluative component of the self |
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Social identity |
how we present ourselves to other |
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What is the mirror (rouge) test |
Place a red dot on the kids/animals face |
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two step process of self-esteem |
contingencies of self-worth and global self-esteem |
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contingencies of self-worth |
areas people use to evaluate themselves |
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Global self-esteem |
evaluation of themselves based on how they do in these domains |
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sources of contingencies of self worth |
areas in which people excel |
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when we are ___ motivated, we act on the basis of our own desire and choices and tend to behave in ways that we find satisfying |
intrinsically |
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in the topographic model, thoughts that are just outside our awareness but are easily accessible are contained in the: |
preconscious |
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what is Freud's topographical model of pscyh |
Conscious- part of the mind that holds what we are aware of Unconscious- part of the mind that is not accessible to awareness Preconscious- outside of awareness but can easily be brought to light |
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A women who has a secret stash of candy in her office at work constantly criticizes everyone else about their calorie and fat intake and is always passing around the newest fad diet book to all her coworkers.... which of Freud's defense mechanism best describes this situation |
reaction formation |
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Reaction formation |
turning unacceptable impulses into their opposite |
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What are defense mechanisms |
Denial Reaction formation Regression Projection Repression Displacement Sublimation Rationalization intellectualization |
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Which part of our mind administers pain such as guilt and shame |
superego |
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The term Thanatos refers to |
Death instincts |
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Jill really wants to do well on her psychology exam the next day but fears she will not. Therefore, the night before the exam she goes out drinking with friends instead of studying...she may be engaging in |
self-handicapping |
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what is self-handicapping |
people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming themselves |
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Self-reported handicapping |
prepare excuses |
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Behavioral self-handicapping |
creates obstacles |
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A personality style that develops when excessive amounts of sensual energy are devoted to issues of control during the second year of life is: |
anal personality style |
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Anal stage |
18months - 3 years pleasure is derived from controlling bladder and bowel movements |
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Anal fixation |
conflict with parents about compliance and defiance |
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What does it mean to be anal expulsive or retenetive |
-messy, cruel, destructive, hostile -- child is rebelling against the parents who are over-controlling -rigid, obsessive, orderly -- child develops a sense of OCD |
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Jungian theory suggest that a women who is seeking her "prince charming" is looking for her |
animus |
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animus |
prototype of the male as held in the mind of female; women's inner masculinity |
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What are archetypes |
-Images of how people think about the world *Shadow *Anima *Animus |
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saying "whatever comes to mind," not flittering or thinking before speaking |
Free association |
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What are the approaches to measuring the unconscious? |
Free association Projective test Dream analysis |
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For Freud the most important thing about a dream was its: |
latent content |
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Latent content |
-Unconscious thoughts, feelings, and wishes behind the manifest content -part of the dream analysis |
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A position that allows you to continually learn new things is fulfilling your need for ? |
competence |
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A neo-freudian theory that focuses on the cognitive and emotional processes involved in intimate relationships is know as what theory |
object relations |
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A male child's love for his mother and wish for his fathers death during the phallic stage is know as: |
oedipus complex |
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Research regarding affective forecasting indicates that |
people aren't good at estimating how future events will impact themselves or others `` |
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Kayla is unconsciously still in love with her ex-boyfriend. She accidentally says his name at an inopportune moment with her current boyfriend. this is known as: |
Freudian slip |
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Freudian slip |
people have a slip of the tongue; saying something they dont mean to say because they are unconsciously thinking about it |
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In which stage is there a dramatic decline in sexual interest and activities |
latency |
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Latency stage |
ages 6 - 11 repress sexual impulses continue to identify with same-sex parents learn to channel sexual and aggressive drives into socially acceptable activities |
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Humanistic psychology is based on the assumption that: |
everyone has the potential for growth and development |
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Paul does not seem to notice how other people are behaving at his fiance's family dinner party and acts the same way as he would when hanging out with the guys...paul probably is a ___ self-monitor |
Low |
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Self-monitoring |
the monitoring by people of their behavior in response to tother's expectancies |
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Karen has a self-serving bias. What might she say about her test performance? |
"i failed my test because the teacher didn't give us enough time to study" |
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Self-serving bias |
Tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal causes but negative outcomes to external causes |
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According to Roger, after years of having conditions of worth applied to us by others, we: |
start to apply them to ourselves |
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What are the outcomes of conditional positive regard? |
leads to conditional self-regard apply our worth to self can interfere with self-actualization |
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working for a boss who "micromanages" you can lead to feelings of |
low autonomy |
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As defined by Csikzentmihalyi flow is an experience marked by: |
complete absorption |
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Moral anxiety is |
the internal punishment (guilt) experienced when the dictates of one's superego are violated |
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Fear people have when they violate their moral standards |
moral anxiety |
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According to Carl Jung, the ___ archetype is the personification of the "dark side" of the ego |
Shadow |
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Shadow |
Archetype of evil |
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Susan is the only person in her workgroup who hasn't graduated from college; yet she anticipates that within the next couple of months she will receive a promotion. She feels as though her hard work on a recent project will pay off. Susan anticipates a reward for success. A person with what type of orientation focuses on reward? |
approach |
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What was Rogers' approach to personality |
maturation only occurs when people can gain self-understanding in a supportive psychosocial environment |
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What is a fully-functioning person |
person who is self-actualizing |
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What is unconditional positive regard |
Affection given without special conditions |
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Social Self |
self you present to the world |
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True self |
who you really are |
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Material self |
basically everything you own/about you body possessions and stuff |
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spiritual self |
more of the unseen part of who we are, like who are we in our core |
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internally contingencies |
lower proneness to depression and anxiety |
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more internal contingencies of self-worth |
better self-esteem |
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more external contingencies of self-worth |
Lower self-esteem |
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how does self-esteem predict reaction to criticism and failure feedback? |
Low self-esteem people are more likely to perform poorly and give up more after failure feedback than high esteem people |
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What is compartmentalizing |
High self- esteem people focus on other areas of life in which things are going well |
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high self-complexity |
better coping |
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Low self-complexity |
Worse coping |
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What is defensive pessimism |
when facing a challenge, people expect to do poorly |
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Self-efficacy |
the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcome |
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Self-regulation |
Ability to restrain impulses and keep focused on long-term goals |
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What are possible selves |
-Ideas people have about who they might become, hope to become or fear they might become -Behavior that stem from possible selves --> intense feeling and emotion |
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what is ought selves |
peoples understanding of what others what them to be |
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ideal selves |
what people want to be |
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Impact bias |
overestimating the enduring impact of emotion causing events |
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What is hysteria |
unconscious conflict appear as sever mental dissociation or as physical symptoms |
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Who was Anna O.? |
Patient of Joseph Breuer, Freud's mentor |
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What is the meaning of the term "psychodynamic"? |
Personality is a set of processes that are always in motion |
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Freud's structural model of psyche |
Id Ego Superego |
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What is Id |
inherited, instinctive, primitive aspect of personality |
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What is primary process |
forming unconscious mental image of object or behavior that would satisfy need |
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What is the ego? |
Reality principles; concerned with outside world; Goal: delay the discharge of id's tension |
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what is secondary process |
matching unconscious image of tension-reducing object to real objevt |
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What is reality testing |
Mentally testing plans to satisfy needs |
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What is the superego |
In charge of morality and the conscious; what is moral to do |
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what is introjection |
incorporating the values of the parents and society |
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What is the ego ideals? |
Rules for good behavior's standard of excellence |
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What is the conscience |
Rules about what behaviors parents disapprove of |
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What is ego strength |
Ego's ability to be effective despite conflict between id and superego |
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what is psychological determinism |
- all thought, emotions and behaviors have causes; everything we do has a meaning - anything we decide on is rooted from our unconscious desires |
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What is Eros |
Life or sexual instincts |
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What is libido |
energy of these life instincts |
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what causes aggression |
results from suppression of death drive |
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What is catharsis |
release of emotional tension catharsis is usually wrong; when you release aggression, it tends to increase the aggression rather than descrease |
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What is anxiety |
warning signals to ego of impending bad events |
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Reality anxiety |
results form danger in the world |
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Neurotic anxiety |
Unconscious fear that id impulse will become out of control |
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Denial |
Person refuses to acknowledge external realities or emotion |
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Regression |
Person reverts to a previous phase of development |
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Projection |
Associate own unacceptable qualities to someone else |
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Repression |
Keeping unacceptable impulsive and information out of consciousness |
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Displacement |
Shifting impulse from one target to another |
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Sublimation |
Transforming unacceptable impulse into acceptable form.... ex sexually frustrated, take it out by doing karate |
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Rationalization |
Finding rational explanation or excuse for behavior |
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Intellectualization |
Thinking about threats in detached, analytical way |
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Fixation |
Occurs when conflict that occurs within a stage isn't resolved well; energy is stuck in one stage |
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Oral stage |
-Birth - 18 months -Explore the world through the mouth |
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Oral fixation |
an over desire that an infant must have or put something in their mouth; a condition requiring stimulation of the mouth |
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Phallic stage |
ages 3 - 5 |
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What is castration anxiety |
boys fear that the father will castrate them |
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what is identification |
with the father; develop feeling of similarity and connectedness |
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What is the electra complex (girls) |
identification with mothers develop morality and start becoming more feminism like their mother |
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What is penis envy |
distinguish that boys have penis' and girls dont |
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Phallic Fixation |
did not develop identification with the parent men -- obsession with asserting masculinity women -- relating to men with flirtation but denial of sexuality |
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Genital stage |
Ages 12+ conscious sexuality; become capable of relating to other on mature level |
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Projective test |
-Rorschach inkblot test -- individual views a set of inkblots and tells what each inkblots resembles -Thematic Apperception Test -- individuals asked to make up a story about each of a series of ambiguous drawing |
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Manifest content |
The actual images in the dream |
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What are the challenges to psychoanalytic theory |
-Core concepts are ambiguous -Unfalsifiable ideas -Not clear how much of theory is metaphorical and how much is literal -Theory development relied on case studies -Gender bias |
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What are the major contributions of psychoanalytic theory |
-First major theory of personality -Asked important question -Influential in psychology and in "pop-culture"
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What is Jung's collective unconscious? |
All people share inborn unconscious memories and ideas because of the history of human species |
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Anima |
Prototype of the female as held in the mind of the male; man's inner femininity |
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What is a persona |
social mask people wear in public |
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What is Adler's inferiority complex |
Motivation to achieve equality with or superiority to others; developed in childhood |
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What is compensation? |
For feeling of weakness in childhood |
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What is masculine protest |
Males develop motivation to establish dominance, power, and masculinity |
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What is Horney's womb envy |
Men's Envy of women's ability to bear and nurse children |
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What is a neurosis |
Feelings of inadequacy and insecurity |
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What is the source of neuroses |
Disturbed interpersonal relationships in childhood |
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moving towards people |
emphasizing helpness |
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Moving against people |
externalization -- aggression and hostility |
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Moving away from people |
avoidance |
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What are deficiency |
Results from lack of some needed object |
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What is growth motives |
include gibing love unselfishly and developing potential |
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What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
physiological, safety and security, lone and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization |
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What is self-actualization |
identifying our true self and reaching our full potential |
