Pearson Science 9

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

The fundamental building block of all material; it consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Front 2

Atomic Model

Back 2

Scientists' representation of an atom determined by experiment and indirect observation.

Front 3

Atomic Number

Back 3

The number of protons in a nucleus; this determines what type of atom it is.

Front 4

Atomic Symbol

Back 4

A shorthand notation fro describing an atom; it consists of a chemical symbol, atomic number and mass number.

Front 5

Compound

Back 5

A pure substance that is made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined.

Front 6

Crystal Lattice

Back 6

A grid-like structure of atoms or ions where each particle is bonded to all of its neighbouring atoms.

Front 7

Electron

Back 7

A small negatively charged particle; clouds of this surround the nucleus of an atom.

Front 8

Electron Configuration

Back 8

The number of electrons in each of the electron shells of an atom.

Front 9

Electron Shell

Back 9

Part of the electron cloud; it is a layer that surrounds the nucleus and can only hold a certain number of electrons.

Front 10

Element

Back 10

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Front 11

Isotopes

Back 11

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in their nucleus.

Front 12

Mass Number

Back 12

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Front 13

Molecule

Back 13

A cluster of atoms that makes up and element or compound.

Front 14

Neutral

Back 14

Having no overall charge.

Front 15

Neutron

Back 15

A particle with no electric charge; it is found in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 16

Nucleus

Back 16

A cluster of neutrons and protons at the centre of an atom,

Front 17

Periodic Table

Back 17

Table showing all 118 known types of atoms (elements)

Front 18

Proton

Back 18

A positively charged particle in the nucleus.

Front 19

Anion

Back 19

A negatively charged ion

Front 20

Cation

Back 20

A positively charged ion

Front 21

Ion

Back 21

an atom that has lost of gained electrons and therefore has an electric charge.

Front 22

Ionic Bond

Back 22

A bond between a cation and an anion due to electrostatic attraction of their opposite charges.

Front 23

Ionic Compound

Back 23

A compound made up of cations and anions.

Front 24

Solubility

Back 24

How easily a substance dissolves.

Front 25

Alpha Decay

Back 25

A nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects an alpha particle.

Front 26

Alpha Particle

Back 26

A particle made up of two protons and two neutrons, making it identical to a helium nucleus.

Front 27

Alpha Radiation

Back 27

A form of ionising radiation made up of alpha particles.

Front 28

Beta Decay

Back 28

A nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects a beta particle.

Front 29

Beta Particle

Back 29

A small negatively charged particle that can be ejected from a nucleus during a nuclear reaction; it is identical to an electron.

Front 30

Beta Radiation

Back 30

Nuclear Radiation made up of beta particles.

Front 31

Carbon Dating

Back 31

A method for judging the age of fossils by analysing the amount of carbon in the fossil.

Front 32

Cosmic Radiation

Back 32

Radiation that comes to earth from distant stars.

Front 33

Dose (radiation)

Back 33

The amount of radiation absorbed over a period of time.

Front 34

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Back 34

Radiation that can travel through a vacuum as waves rather than particles.

Front 35

Fission

Back 35

A nuclear in which a very large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei of similar mass number.

Front 36

Allotropes

Back 36

Different forms of carbon

Front 37

Alloy

Back 37

A mixture of a base metal and small amounts of other elements.

Front 38

Annealing

Back 38

A process in which a metal is heated until red hot, then allowed to cool naturally; also know as normalising.

Front 39

Base Metal

Back 39

The main metal in an alloy

Front 40

Brittle

Back 40

Shatters if hit.

Front 41

Carat

Back 41

A scale for measuring the purity of gold.

Front 42

Ductile

Back 42

Able to be stretched into wires.

Front 43

Lustrous

Back 43

Shines when polished or freshly cut

Front 44

Malleable

Back 44

Able to be hammered into new shapes.

Front 45

Metalloid

Back 45

An element that usually displays the properties of a non-metal but conducts electricity like a metal under certain conditions; also known as a seni-metal.

Front 46

Periodic Table

Back 46

A list of all the known 118 elements.

Front 47

Quenching

Back 47

A process in which a heated metal is cooled rapidly by dropping it into water.

Front 48

Stainless Steel

Back 48

A rustless alloy of steel that includes chromium aand nickel.

Front 49

Steel

Back 49

An alloy of iron and carbon.

Front 50

Tempering

Back 50

A process in which a metal is heated, cooled rapidly (quenched) and then reheated.

Front 51

Carbon Nanotube

Back 51

A nano-sized cylinder cylinder of carbon atoms.

Front 52

Contact Angle

Back 52

The angle that the base of a drop of water makes with the surface it is on.

Front 53

Hydrophilic

Back 53

Surfaces that attract water and allow it to stick to them; commonly referred to as 'water-loving'.

Front 54

Hydrophobic

Back 54

Surfaces that do not allow water to stick to them; commonly referred to as 'water-hating'.

Front 55

Malignant

Back 55

Rapidly growing and dangerous cancerous cells.

Front 56

Metastasise

Back 56

When cancer cells spread beyond their original site into the rest of the body.

Front 57

Nanometre (nm)

Back 57

Unit of length equal to one-billionth of a metre; unit symbol nm.

Front 58

Nanoparticle

Back 58

A particle of structure that is too small to be seen with a normal light microscope.

Front 59

Nanopharmaceutical

Back 59

A medical drug that is a nanoparticle or is delivered by a nano-sized structure.

Front 60

Nanotechnology

Back 60

The study of how to produce and control structures at a scale below the size of visible particles but larger than atoms.

Front 61

Nitinol

Back 61

A shape memory alloy made of nickel and titanium.

Front 62

Photocatalytic

Back 62

An effect where sunlight causes materials to become electrically charged and able to react with organic matter and organic matter and other particles.

Front 63

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)

Back 63

A mixture of metals that changes shape as the temperature changes.

Front 64

Stent

Back 64

A mesh sleeve that is inserted into clogged arteries to keep them open; commonly made out of nitinol.

Front 65

Acid

Back 65

A substance that releases hydrogen ions into and aqueous solution.

Front 66

Alkali

Back 66

A base that dissolves in water.

Front 67

Alkaline Solution

Back 67

A solution made of a base/alkali and water.

Front 68

Base

Back 68

A substance that releases hydroxide ions.

Front 69

Hydrogen Ion

Back 69

H+, released by acids

Front 70

Hydroxide Ion

Back 70

OH-, formed by bases.

Front 71

Indicator

Back 71

A chemical that changes colour to show whether a substance is acidic, neutral or basic.

Front 72

Litmus Paper

Back 72

A common indicator that turns red in the presence of acid and blue in the presence of a base.

Front 73

pH

Back 73

A scale used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

Front 74

Aerobic Respiration

Back 74

A reaction that uses oxygen to release energy stored in glucose.

Front 75

Anodising

Back 75

A way of protecting aluminium from corrosion, by deliberately creating a layer of aluminium oxide over it.

Front 76

Balanced Formula Equation

Back 76

A chemical equation that has the same numbers of each atom on both sides of the arrow.

Front 77

Combustion

Back 77

A rapid reaction with oxygen that releases energy in the form of heat and/or light.

Front 78

Complete Combustion

Back 78

Combustion that occurs when there is plenty of oxygen.

Front 79

Corrosion

Back 79

the breakdown of metals due to their reaction with other chemicals.

Front 80

Endothermic

Back 80

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy.

Front 81

Exothermic

Back 81

A chemical reaction that releases energy.

Front 82

Glucose

Back 82

A type of sugar produced by photosynthesis, with chemical formula C6H12O6.

Front 83

Hydrocarbons

Back 83

Highly combustable chemicals; petrol is a mixture of these.

Front 84

Incomplete Combustion

Back 84

Combustion that occurs when oxygen is limited. It produces carbon (soot, smoke) and carbon monoxide. It does not release much heat or light as complete combustion.

Front 85

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 85

The law that atoms are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. They can only be rearranged.

Front 86

Photosynthesis

Back 86

An endothermic reaction that takes place in green plants. Uses the energy from the energy from sunlight to combine water and carbon dioxide and produce glucose and oxygen gas.

Front 87

Products

Back 87

Chemicals PRODUCED in a chemical reaction. They are written on the right-hand side of the arrow.

Front 88

Reactants

Back 88

The original chemicals in a chemical reaction. They are written on the left-hand side of the arrow.

Front 89

Rust

Back 89

Hydrated iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3H2O

Front 90

Tarnish

Back 90

A black