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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the operation of B cells
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B-cells - made in bones, travel to lymph nodes
Receptor sites on surface bind to antigens on pathogens - each B-cell has variable receptor shape 1. Grabs pathogen with receptor (matches antigen) 2. Wait for orders - cytokines from helper T-cells (officers) 3. Bound B-cell clones (proliferates) 4. Some clones become plasma cells - secrete antibodies (land mine, specific to pathogen) If antibody matches antigen - 1. Neutralize - surround and make harmless 2. Agglutinate - clump 3. Precipitate - urinate out 4. Activate complement - punch holes in cells 5. Some clones become a memory cell (reserves) |
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What (ultra) corny song did Jonathan create to memorize the antibody types?
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Jonathan's song
IG As flow away, IG Ds are on the B, IG E are alergy, IG-G are bloody baby (crosses placenta), IG-M primary membrane(y) |
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How long does it take the body to respond on the first exposure to a pathogen? On the second?
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1st exposure to pathogen - 1 week to start reacting, 2 weeks to antibody peak
2nd exposure to pathogen - 1 day to antibody peak (reproduced from memory cells), 3x higher peak |
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Describe the operation of T cells
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T-cells - mature in thymus gland (learn MHC), travel to lymph nodes
MHC protein - "self" - identifier for "me" MHC+antigen - "self+non-self" - antigen presenting cells (APCs) - macrophages - activates immune system 1. APC (sentries) displays Self+non-self 2. Cytotoxic T cell notices the APC 3. Wait for orders from Helper T-cells (via interleukins) 4. Cytotoxic T cells (assasins) clone - kills all non-self, remembers pattern for next time |
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How do autoimmune disorders operate? What are a few examples of such diseases?
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Autoimmune disorders - Attack self
1. Cytotoxic t-cells - thymus not screening well, do not recognize self 2. Helper t-cell - faulty instructions on what to kill 3. Mimicry hypothesis - pathogens looks like MHCs (self) Examples - Multiple Sclerosis, rhematoid arthritis, lupus |
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What is an allergy, technically?
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Allergy - overreaction to non-self "non-combatant"
Helper T-cells react when they shouldn't (IG-E) |
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What is tolerance?
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Tolerance - don't attack non-self
Also due to helper t-cells (learning not to react) |
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Describe IG-A
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IG-A
Found in secretions (milk, tears, sweat, snot) Blocks invasion |
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Describe IG-D
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IG-D
Found on B-cell membrane Binds to pathogen |
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Describe IG-E
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IG-E
Found in GI tract, abdomen, skin, respiratory tract Increases histamine |
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Describe IG-G
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IG-G
Found in plasma (most abundant antibody in bloodstream) Main response |
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Describe IG-M
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IG-M
Found on B-cell membrane First one released, potent agglutinator |
