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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of chambers in the heart?
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Atrium
Receives blood ("in") Ventricles Pumps out ("out") |
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What are the two types of vessels involved with the heart?
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Vessels ("tubing")
Artery moves blood away from the heart Vein moves blood toward heart |
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What are the two circuits serviced by the heart?
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Pulmonary
Lungs Systemic Body ("Everyplace else") |
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What are the two sets of valves within the heart? What are the actual valves in each set?
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Atrioventricular valve
Between atrium and ventricles Bicuspid valve - Left hand side, left atrium and ventricle Tricuspid valve - Right hand side, right atrium and ventricle Semi-lunar valve ("half moon") Between ventricle and arteries Pulmonary valve - between right ventricle and pulmonary artery Aortic valve - between left ventricle and aorta |
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Describe the route that blood uses to pass through the heart and body, starting with the right atrium
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Right atrium > Right ventricle > Pulmonary artery > Lungs > Pulmonary vein > Left Atrium > Left Ventricle > Aorta > Systemic/Body > Vena Cava > Back to Right atrium
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How are the right and left side of the heart differentiated?
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Right side of heart called "pulmonary side", deals with lungs
Left side of heart called "systemic side", deals with body |
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What is meant by the "AV rule" with regard to the heart?
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AV rule - As and Vs always alternate as you go through heart
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What is the mnemonic for remembering the order of the heart valves as blood encounters them? What are the heart valves, in order?
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"Toilet Paper Bobs Ass" - Order in which blood encounters valves - Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Bicuspid, Aortic
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What produces the heartbeat sound?
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Valves within the heart closing
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What is the first third of the cardiac cycle called? What happens during this phase?
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1. Ventricular filling
Blood fills ventricles (both), blood comes from from atria AV valves (tri and bicuspid) are open Graph - Atrial pressure goes up due to contraction |
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What is the second third of the cardiac cycle called? What happens during this phase?
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Ventricular systole - contract
Isovolumetric contraction (tri and bicuspid valves close so that blood does not travel backwards) "Lub" - doctor-speak for the sound of this contraction Graph - Ventricular pressure at lowest Graph - Aortic pressure lowers, but does not drop from approx 120/80 due to sustained pressure from closed valves Graph - Ventricular volume goes down, after initial peak in volume due to atria contracting Ventricular ejection - Pulmonary and aortic valve open due to ventricular pressure |
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What is the final third of the cardiac cycle called? What happens during this phase?
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Isovolumetric relaxation - Diastole
Pulmonary and aortic valves close "Dub/Dup" - doctor-speak for the sound of this contraction Graph - Ventricular pressure at highest Graph - Aortic pressure at highest Graph - Ventricular volume goes up |
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What is Starling's law?
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Starling's law - the more you expand the heart, the more pressure will be created on rebound (rubber band effect) - EMTs call this "Atrial kick", Biologists call this pre-loading
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Describe the pathway or sequence of depolarization within the heart
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SA Node > Internodal pathway > AV node > Bundle branches > Purkinje fibers
Sino-Atrial node "Pacemaker" fires Atria contract Atrio-Ventricular node fires - (Why two nodes? AV node gives delay for filling) Purkinje fibers fire Ventricles contract |
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Describe a normal ECG wave
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P wave (small bump before big)- Atrial depolarization, SA node firing
QRS complex (big bump shape) - Ventricular depolarization, AV node and purjinkes fibers fire, ventricles contracting T wave (small bump after big) - Ventricular repolarization - relax, nodes reset |
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What is a bundle branch block? How does it affect someone?
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"Bundle branch block" - wire fried in heart, signal sent chemically, slower heartbeat - unaffected side will wait for blocked side to beat
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