Openstax Biology - Chapter 21 - Viruses

Front 1

acellular

Back 1

lacking cells

Front 2

acute disease

Back 2

disease where the symptoms rise and fall within a short period of time

Front 3

asymptomatic disease

Back 3

disease where there are no symptoms and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

Front 4

attenuation

Back 4

weakening of a virus during vaccine development

Front 5

AZT

Back 5

anti-HIV drug that inhibits the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

Front 6

back mutation

Back 6

when a live virus vaccine reverts back to it disease-causing phenotype

Front 7

bacteriophage

Back 7

virus that infects bacteria

Front 8

budding

Back 8

method of exit from the cell used in certain animal viruses, where virions leave the cell individually by capturing a piece of the host plasma membrane

Front 9

capsid

Back 9

protein coating of the viral core

Front 10

capsomere

Back 10

protein subunit that makes up the capsid

Front 11

cell necrosis

Back 11

cell death

Front 12

chronic infection

Back 12

describes when the virus persists in the body for a long period of time

Front 13

cytopathic

Back 13

causing cell damage

Front 14

envelope

Back 14

lipid bilayer that envelopes some viruses

Front 15

fusion

Back 15

method of entry by some enveloped viruses, where the viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cell

Front 16

gall

Back 16

appearance of a plant tumor

Front 17

gene therapy

Back 17

treatment of genetic disease by adding genes, using viruses to carry the new genes inside the cell

Front 18

group I virus

Back 18

virus with a dsDNA genome

Front 19

group II virus

Back 19

virus with a ssDNA genome

Front 20

group III virus

Back 20

virus with a dsRNA genome

Front 21

group IV virus

Back 21

virus with a ssRNA genome with positive polarity

Front 22

group V virus

Back 22

virus with a ssRNA genome with negative polarity

Front 23

group VI virus

Back 23

virus with a ssRNA genomes converted into dsDNA by reverse transcriptase

Front 24

group VII virus

Back 24

virus with a single-stranded mRNA converted into dsDNA for genome replication

Front 25

horizontal transmission

Back 25

transmission of a disease from parent to offspring

Front 26

hyperplasia

Back 26

abnormally high cell growth and division

Front 27

hypoplasia

Back 27

abnormally low cell growth and division

Front 28

intermittent symptom

Back 28

symptom that occurs periodically

Front 29

latency

Back 29

virus that remains in the body for a long period of time but only causes intermittent symptoms

Front 30

lysis

Back 30

bursting of a cell

Front 31

lysogenic cycle

Back 31

type of virus replication in which the viral genome is incorporated into the genome of the host cell

Front 32

lytic cycle

Back 32

type of virus replication in which virions are released through lysis, or bursting, of the cell

Front 33

matrix protein

Back 33

envelope protein that stabilizes the envelope and often plays a role in the assembly of progeny virions

Front 34

negative polarity

Back 34

ssRNA viruses with genomes complimentary to their mRNA

Front 35

oncolytic virus

Back 35

virus engineered to specifically infect and kill cancer cells

Front 36

permissive

Back 36

cell type that is able to support productive replication of a virus

Front 37

phage therapy

Back 37

treatment of bacterial diseases using bacteriophages specific to a particular bacterium

Front 38

positive polarity

Back 38

ssRNA virus with a genome that contains the same base sequences and codons found in their mRNA

Front 39

prion

Back 39

infectious particle that consists of proteins that replicate without DNA or RNA

Front 40

prophage

Back 40

phage DNA that is incorporated into the host cell genome

Front 41

PrPc

Back 41

normal prion protein

Front 42

PrPsc

Back 42

infectious form of a prion protein

Front 43

replicative intermediate

Back 43

dsRNA intermediate made in the process of copying genomic RNA

Front 44

reverse transcriptase

Back 44

enzyme found in Baltimore groups VI and VII that converts single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA

Front 45

vaccine

Back 45

weakened solution of virus components, viruses, or other agents that produce an immune response

Front 46

vertical transmission

Back 46

transmission of disease between unrelated individuals

Front 47

viral receptor

Back 47

glycoprotein used to attach a virus to host cells via molecules on the cell

Front 48

viroid

Back 48

plant pathogen that produces only a single, specific RNA

Front 49

virus core

Back 49

contains the virus genome

Front 50

oncogenic virus

Back 50

virus that has the ability to cause cancer

Front 51

pathogen

Back 51

agent with the ability to cause disease

Front 52

productive

Back 52

viral infection that leads to the production of new virions

Front 53

virion

Back 53

individual virus particle outside a host cell