Openstax Biology - Chapter 6 - Metabolism

Front 1

activation energy energy necessary for reactions to occur

Back 1

energy necessary for reactions to occur

Front 2

active site specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds

Back 2

specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds

Front 3

allosteric inhibition

Back 3

inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate

Front 4

anabolic

Back 4

pathways that require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones

Front 5

ATP

Back 5

adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency

Front 6

bioenergetics

Back 6

study of energy flowing through living systems

Front 7

catabolic

Back 7

pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones

Front 8

chemical energy

Back 8

potential energy in chemical bonds that is released when those bonds are broken coenzyme small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance the activity of an enzyme

Front 9

cofactor

Back 9

inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal regulation of enzyme activity

Front 10

competitive inhibition

Back 10

type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the active site of the enzyme

Front 11

denature

Back 11

process that changes the natural properties of a substance

Front 12

endergonic

Back 12

describes chemical reactions that require energy input

Front 13

enthalpy

Back 13

total energy of a system

Front 14

entropy

Back 14

measure of randomness or disorder within a system

Front 15

exergonic

Back 15

describes chemical reactions that release free energy

Front 16

feedback inhibition

Back 16

effect of a product of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway that produces it

Front 17

free energy

Back 17

Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work

Front 18

heat energy

Back 18

energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the motion of molecules or particles)

Front 19

heat energy

Back 19

total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction

Front 20

induced fit

Back 20

dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding

Front 21

kinetic energy

Back 21

type of energy associated with objects or particles in motion

Front 22

metabolism

Back 22

all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism

Front 23

phosphoanhydride bond

Back 23

bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule potential energy type of energy that has the potential to do work; stored energy substrate molecule on which the enzyme acts

Front 24

thermodynamics

Back 24

study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter

Front 25

transition state

Back 25

high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction