Ocd - A2 Psychology

Front 1

Obsessions

Back 1

Intrusive thoughts, feelings or impulses that disturb the patient, that they try to resist

Front 2

Compulsions

Back 2

Thoughts or actions intended to help resist obsessions, to try & provide relief from the anxiety they provoke

Front 3

Tools of diagnosis?

Back 3

Psychological testing (personality/disorder tests); cognitive behavioural assessments (clinical interviews & reports); biological tests (CT, MRI, neurochemical)

Front 4

DSM

Back 4

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Used in the USA. Current version is DSM-5

Front 5

ICD

Back 5

International Classification of Diseases. Used by the UK. Current version is ICD-10

Front 6

Advantages of classification?

Back 6

1) Form of shorthand communication
2) Indicates a common cause
3) Leads to appropriate treatment/prognosis
4) Useful when assessing later improvements/deterioration
5) Useful in empirical research

Front 7

Limitations of classification?

Back 7

1) Labeling can lead to prejudice, stigma & it labels the whole individual
2) Individual differences; may lead to assumptions that all should be treated the same

Front 8

Etiological Validity

Back 8

Consistent causal factors
e.g. measles is caused by a specific bug

Front 9

Concurrent validity

Back 9

Other symptoms are found to be common amongst people classified the same
e.g. if those with Tourettes also had sleeping problems

Front 10

Predictive validity

Back 10

Successful prognosis (how the disorder is going to develop)
e.g. those with bipolar disorder react well to lithium carbonate, but those with unipolar do not - suggesting it is a separate disorder

Front 11

Concurrent validity of OCD?

Back 11

:( There are differences in opinion on the cause of OCD

Front 12

Concurrent validity of OCD?

Back 12

:) Other symptoms are found to be common
e.g. similar types of OCD - dirt checking, counting, etc.

Front 13

Predictive validity of OCD?

Back 13

:/ Most respond well to similar treatments, except ruminators

Front 14

Co-morbidity

Back 14

The likelihood that if a person has one disorder, they will have another
e.g. OCD & depression have a 60% co-morbidity rate
:(

Front 15

Reliability of OCD?

Back 15

:) Consistent diagnosis
:) Clear methods of assessment
:) Standardised symptoms
:) Each manual is more reliable
e.g. DSM-2: 85 disorders, DSM-4: 297 disorders
DSM-4 current reliability: psychosexual +0.92; anxiety +0.63