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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which vessels drain into rhe right atrium? |
SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus |
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What is the infundibulum? |
The section of the right ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk |
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What does the infundibulum arise from? |
Conus arteriosus |
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What are trabeculae carnae? |
"fleshy beams" that form the Muscular part of the interventricular septum |
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Draw a diagram of the pulmonary valve |
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What are the 3 leaflets of the pulmonary valve? |
Left anterior Right anterior Posterior |
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Draw a diagram of the aortic valve. Label the valves with both clinical and anatomic terms |
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What are the anatomical names for the 3 leaflets of the aortic valve? |
Anterior Left posterior Right posterior |
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What are the clinical names for the 3 leaflets of the aortic valve? |
Left Right Non-coronary |
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Draw a diagram of the right coronary artery |
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Give the branches of the right coronary artery as they bifurcate from the main branch |
SA artery Right conus artery Anterior ventricular arteries Right marginal artery
In right dominant hearts (90%), there is also a Posterior interventricular artery (Posterior descending artery) |
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What structures are supplied by the right coronary artery? |
Right atrium and ventricle SA node AV node Interatrial septum |
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Draw a diagram of the left coronary artery |
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Give the arteries that branch from the LCA, in the order that they bifurcate from the main branch |
Left circumflex artery => left marginal artery Left conus artery Diagonal branch of anterior interventricular artery
As it descends, the main branch is called the anterior interventricular artery In left dominant hearts (10%),the circumflex artery may continue and form the Posterior Interventricular artery |
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What does the left coronary artery usually supply? |
Left atrium and ventricle Anterior AV septum AV bundle Right and left bundles |
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What is the coronary sulcus? |
A groove running between the atra and ventricles, through which coronary vessels flow |
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How is the Mediastinum divided? |
Into superior, anterior, middle and Posterior sections |
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What divides the superior and inferior mediastina? |
The sternal plane, an imaginary line between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc |
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What separates the middle mediastinum from the other two inferior mediastina? |
Fibrous pericardium |
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What are the main contents of the superior mediastinum? |
Arch of aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid and subclavian arteries, brachiocephalic veins, SVC, trachea, oesophagus, thoracic duct, phrenic and vagus nerves. In children and teens, part of the thymus is also present |
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What demarcates the anterior Mediastinum? |
The sternum, sternal plane, pericardial sac and diaphragm |
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What are the contents of the anterior Mediastinum? |
Internal thoracic vessels, fat + connective tissue, lymph nodes and thymus gland if present |
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What is the 'sail sign'? |
Present on chest x rays in infants, shows the presence of the thymus gland |
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What is clinically important about the internal thoracic arteries? |
They can be rerouted into the myocardium in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) |
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What are the main contents of the middle mediastinum? |
Heart, pericardium, origins of great vessels, phrenic nerves, lymph nodes |
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What is the Ligamentum arteriosum? |
Connective tissue between aorta and pulmonary trunk, used to be the ductus arteriosus in foetuses which allowed blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit |
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What are the main contents of the Posterior mediastinum? |
Oesophagus +plexus, descending aorta, thoracic duct, sympathetic chain and azygous venous system |
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How is muscle in the oesophagus distributed? |
Upper third is striated muscle Lower third is smooth muscle |
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Upon entry into the diaphragm, is the aorta Posterior or anterior to the oesophagus? |
Posterior |
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Where is the oesophagus in relation to the left atrium? |
Immediately posterior |
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Which of the vagal nerves travel along the anterior oesophagus, and which on the Posterior? |
Left on anterior, right on posterior |
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What is the significance of the spatial relationship between oesophagus and left atrium? |
It allows transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) to image the heart |
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At what spinal level is the suprasternal notch? |
T2 |
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At what spinal level is the sternal angle? |
T4 |
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At what spinal level is the xiphoid process? |
T9 |
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What is significant about the sternal angle in terms of ribs? |
It is the point of articulation of the 2nd rib, so the rest can be counted from this point |
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Which spinal level does the bifurcation of the trachea occur? |
T5 |
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Which structures form behind the sternoclavicular joints? |
Brachiocephalic veins |
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Which structure passes behind the manubrium? |
Left brachiocephalic vein |
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Which is more anterior: the great veins or the aorta/primary arteries? |
Veins |
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Draw a diagram showing how to find the four corners of the heart |
- Upper right - 3rd right costal cartilage, 1cm lateral to sternum - Lower right - 6th right costal cartilage, 1cm lateral to sternum - Upper left - 2nd left intercostal space, 1cm lateral to sternum - Lower left (apex) - 5th left intercostal space, close to mid clavicular line
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Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the action of the aortic valve? |
Medial 2nd right intercostal space |
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Where would you place a stethoscope to listen to the tricuspid valve? |
Medial 5th left intercostal space |
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Where would you place a stethoscope to listen to the pulmonary valve? |
Medial 2nd left intercostal space |
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Where would you place a stethoscope to listen to the mitral valve? |
5th left intercostal space, by the mid clavicular line |
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Draw a diagram showing where to listen to the 4 valves |
Aortic - 2nd right ICS Tri - 5th left ICS Pul - 2nd left ICS Mit - 5th left ICS, by midclavicular line |
