Nutrition Quiz #1 Review Questions From Campbell

Front 1

What are the energy producing nutrients?

Back 1

proteins, lipids/fats, carbohydrates

Front 2

What are the non-energy producing nutrients?

Back 2

water, minerals, vitamins

Front 3

List 3 ways an animal can acquire water

Back 3

drinking, eating, metabolic water

Front 4

What is an antioxidant?

Back 4

substance which inhibits the oxidation of another substance (ie. stops the breakdown of another substance)

Front 5

Why do you need antioxidants in diets containing fat?

Back 5

fat is easily oxidized and can become rancid, once fat is oxidized it is of no value and the animal can become deficient

Front 6

What does an energy-dense diet contain a high concentration of?

Back 6

fat

Front 7

Taurine is an amino acid which is only essential to what animal?

Back 7

cat

Front 8

What is dietary fibre often used for in reducing diets?

Back 8

bulk in reducing diets, used as filler to fill the animal before the energy requirements are met, good for colon health as it improves GI motility and increases emptying time

Front 9

What is the basic component of a protein?

Back 9

amino acids (essential and non-essential)

Front 10

What is pansteatitis?

Back 10

aka yellow fat disease, in animals fed high fat diet low in antioxidants - fat oxidizes and causes discolouration of fat and painful fibrous deposits in the adipose tissue

Front 11

Define: nutrient

Back 11

any food constituent that helps support life; a component of food

Front 12

What is lysine?

Back 12

an essential amino acid for dogs and cats

Front 13

Define: non-essential amino acids

Back 13

proteins that can be synthesized by the animal

Front 14

Define: essential amino acids

Back 14

proteins that the animal is unable to synthesize at all, or insufficient amounts

Front 15

Define: amino acids

Back 15

the basic component of protein, there are essential and non-essential

Front 16

Define: linolenic

Back 16

essential fatty acid for dogs and cats, can be synthesized by both cat and dog if they have sufficient amounts of linoleic acid, best sources are vegetable oils (corn, soybean)

Front 17

Define: carbohydrates

Back 17

a nutrient that can provide the animal with "quick energy", classifed by solubility (digestibility) (2 types: monosaccharides and polysaccharides)

Front 18

Define: proteins

Back 18

large, complex molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Front 19

Define: digestible energy

Back 19

the amount of energy left over when some of the gross energy is lost in the feces

Front 20

Define: fats/lipids

Back 20

the most concentrated energy source

Front 21

What is taurine?

Back 21

an essential amino acid for cats

Front 22

Define: Hepatic Lipidosis

Back 22

aka fatty liver disease, usually observed in fat cats who have been anorexic for a couple days, body needs to use reserves of fat for energy (after protein in muscles is used up), large amounts of fat sent to liver to be metabolized & liver cells are unable to handle and do not perform normal functions, begin to see liver signs (jaundice, vomiting)

Front 23

Define: monosaccharides

Back 23

simple carbohydrates (sugars and starches), considered soluble because no digestion is required to be absorbed (eg. glucose, fructose, galactose)

Front 24

Define: Polysaccharides

Back 24

complex carbohydrates, considered insoluble because they require a great deal of breakdown before they can be absorbed (eg. cellulose, starch, dietary fibre and glycogen)

Front 25

Define: net energy

Back 25

the amount of energy remaining when ME loses some energy in heat production (from digestion, absorption, etc)

Front 26

Define: arachidonic

Back 26

saturated fatty acid acquired mainly from animal fats and fish - can be synthesized from linoleic acid in dog but NOT in cat - many fish oils contain certain fatty acids that can inhibit the animal's ability to use arachidonic acid and can lead to deficiences

Front 27

Define: metabolizable energy

Back 27

the amount of energy left over when some of the gross energy is lost in the feces, urine and combustible gas (flatulation)

Front 28

Define: calorie

Back 28

measurement of the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 C to 15.5 C

Front 29

Define: gross energy

Back 29

the amount of heat released when the food is completely burned, measured in kcal/kg of food

Front 30

What units are energy requirements measured in?

Back 30

kilocalories