Neuro: Cortical Localization Of Function

Front 1

Define alexia.

Back 1

Alexia: unable to read.

Front 2

Define agraphia.

Back 2

Agraphia: unable to write.

Front 3

Define agnoxia.

Back 3

Agnosia: unable to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss.

Front 4

Define apraxia.

Back 4

Apraxia: loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements.

Front 5

Define aphasia.

Back 5

Aphasia: loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language.

Front 6

How many layers are in paleocortex?

Back 6

Paleocortex/olfactory: 3 layers.
1. molecular
2. pyramidal
3. polymorphic

Front 7

How many layers are in archicortex?

Back 7

archicortex/hippocampus: 4 layers.

Front 8

What are the three cortocal functional areas?

Back 8

1. sensory area
2. motor area
3. association area

Front 9

Which cortical layer(s) form the basis form the cognitive reasoning abilities?

Back 9

Layer II and III: association areas (unimodal and multimordal).

Front 10

List the predominant cells in each of the following layers of the neurocortex.
1. Layer II
2. Layer III
3. Layer IV
4. Layer V

Back 10

1. Layer II: small pyramidal cells, association fibers.
2. Layer III: small pyramidal cells, commissural fibers. Ex. Corpus callosum.
3. Layer IV: small granule cells and fibers. Primary sensory area.
4. Layer V: large pyramidal cells. Primary motor area.

Front 11

What is an example of multimordal sensory association area?

Back 11

Association cortex of the parietal area: intergrates somatosensory, auditory, visual mordalities to perform language functions such as reading, writing, and understanding speech.

Front 12

Name the three primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.

Back 12

1. Postsentral gyrus: somatosensory.
2. Cuneate and Ligual gyri: visual sensory.
3. transverse temporal gyrus: auditory sensory.

Front 13

What damage is this?

Loss of touch, sensational or positional sense.

Back 13

damage to primary sensory area (postcentral gyri).

Front 14

What damage is this?

Inability to localize sound.

Back 14

damage to primary sensory area (transverse temporal gyrus).

Front 15

What damage is this?

Visual field deficit.

Back 15

damage to primary sensory area (cuneate and ligual gyri).

Front 16

Where is the sensory association area?

Back 16

around the primary sensory area.
For somatosensory: superior and inferior parietal gyri.
For visual: rest of occipital area+ middle and inferior temporal gyri.
For auditory: superior temporal gyrus.

Front 17

Agnosia is due to damage to ____, agraphestesia and astereognosis are due to damage to ____.

Back 17

1. visual association area: occipital lobe or temporal multimordal association area.

2. somatosensory association area: superior and inferior parietal gyri.

Front 18

Name the three major association cortices.

Back 18

1. Parietal: attention.
2. Temporal: identification.
3. Fronal: planning, executive.

Front 19

Damage to parietal association cortex leads to ____.

Back 19

neglect due to lack of attention. Ex. contralateral neglect syndrom.

Front 20

Damage to frontal association cortex leads to ____.

Back 20

personality abnormalities.

Front 21

Damage to temporal association cortex leads to ____.

Back 21

recognition problems due to deficit in identification. Ex. prosopagnesia.

Front 22

1. Right hemisphere is dominant in ____.

2. Left hemisphere is dominant in ____.

Back 22

1. visual senses.
2. language.

Front 23

Severe neglect of the left body is due to lesion in ____.

Back 23

Right parietal associsation cortex lesion.

Front 24

Minimal neglect of the right body is due to lesion in ____.

Back 24

Left parietal associsation cortex lesion.

Front 25

Severe neglect of the right body is due to lesion in ____.

Back 25

both right and left parietal association cortices.

Front 26

What is prosopagnosia?

Back 26

a type of agnosia that is inability to recognize and identify faces.

Front 27

Agnosia, especially prosopagnosia is due to lesion in ____.

Back 27

Right inferior temporal cortex (temporal association cortex).

Front 28

Schizophrenia, alzhiemer's patients have decreased size of ____.

Back 28

frontal association cortex: planning neurons that provide a "working memory".

Front 29

What transmit information from Werneke's area to Broca's area?

Back 29

arcuate fasiculus

Front 30

Werneke's and Broca's areas are located in the ____ hemisphere.

Back 30

Left.

Front 31

Language area on the right hemisphere is specialized for ____.

Back 31

visuospatial and emotional process. Prosody of speech.

Front 32

Conduction aphasia is due to lesion in ____.

Back 32

arcuate fasciculus.

Front 33

What is disconnection syndrome?

Back 33

disconnection from sensory input.
inability to read, but can write.

Front 34

A patient can speak, cannot comprehend, normal grammar. Where is the lesion?

Back 34

Werneke's aphasia. Intact Broca's area.

Front 35

Misuse of words indicate lesion in ____.

Back 35

arcuate fasciculus (conduction aphasia).

Front 36

A patient can comprehend, has intact symbolic language, but cannot speak and has disordered grammar. Where is the lesion?

Back 36

Broca's area (Broca's aphasia).

Front 37

A patient can't put meaningful inflections o spoken words. Where is the lesion?

Back 37

language area on the right hemisphere (aprosodia: motor)

Front 38

A patient can't understand infletions attached to heard words. Where is the lesion?

Back 38

language area on the right hemisphere (aprosodia: sensory)

Front 39

A patient can't speak, but can still write, seem to be disconnected from the sensory input. What is the symptoms called?

Back 39

Disconnection syndrome.