Networks

Front 1

Internet

Back 1

A group of inter connected networks

Front 2

World wide web

Back 2

A service that makes use of the internet

Front 3

Wide area network(WAN)

Back 3

Any network in which the computers communicate using resources supplied by a “third party carrier” such as BT or sky

Front 4

How do WANs connect to networks

Back 4

Cables, phone lines, satellites, radiowaves

Front 5

What is the largest WAN in the world

Back 5

The internet

Front 6

IP addresses

Back 6

Four 8-bit numbers(0-255) seperated by dots

Front 7

Packet switching

Back 7

File broken into packets of 512 bytes and each packet is given a header

Front 8

Headers which can be given to packets during packet switching

Back 8

IP address it is going to, sequence number of the packet, number of packets in the whole communication

Front 9

Packets can flow through different routes T/F

Back 9

T

Front 10

How is each packet marked

Back 10

With the packet number so the packets can be put back together by the receiver

Front 11

Each data packet has a different number of bytes T/F

Back 11

F

Front 12

What reorders the packets into the correct order

Back 12

The recipient computer

Front 13

What happens to corrupt packets

Back 13

They are requested to be resent

Front 14

Nodes

Back 14

Points on a network diagram

Front 15

Routers

Back 15

Any node that can route packets from one place to another

Front 16

Network interface card

Back 16

Built into every networked device

Front 17

How are NICs connected

Back 17

Wireless or with a network cable socket

Front 18

MAC address

Back 18

Address assigned to each NIC by the manufacturer

Front 19

Why internet doesn’t use MAC instead of an IP address

Back 19

IP address can change when devices are on the network

Front 20

What happens when you request a web page

Back 20

Each router along the way uses the MAC address of the next router to send the data packet on the next day of its journey

Front 21

Router

Back 21

Looks at destination of packets of data and sends them to the network that is closer towards their destination

Front 22

What happens when you request a web page

Back 22

Each router along the way uses the MAC address of the next router to send the data packet on the next day of its journey

Front 23

Router

Back 23

Looks at destination of packets of data and sends them to the network that is closer towards their destination

Front 24

Switch

Back 24

Connects each node in a network

know the MAC address of all connected computers and devices.

Send packets to the correct computer

Front 25

Hubs

Back 25

Send the data to all connected computers

Front 26

Pros of wired networks

Back 26

No need to lay cables

Easy to connect to new devices

Devices can be portable within the range of the access point

Front 27

Pros and cons of wired networks

Back 27

No need to lay cables

Easy to connect to new devices

Devices can be portable within the range of the access point

Front 28

Cons of networks

Back 28

Purchasing network hardware is expensive

Managing a large network is complicated

Viruses may be able to infiltrate the network and infect every computer

Front 29

Topology

Back 29

The way in which parts of a system are connected

Front 30

2 types of topology

Back 30

Star, bus

Front 31

Star toplogy

Back 31

Back (Definition)

Front 32

Bus toplogy

Back 32

Back (Definition)

Front 33

Pros of networks

Back 33

Computers can share resources such as printers

Files can be accessed through any computer in the network

Data is easy to back up as it is stored centrally on the server

Front 34

Cons of networks

Back 34

Purchasing network hardware is expensive

Managing a large network is complicated

Viruses may be able to infiltrate the network and infect every computer

Front 35

bus topology

Back 35

computers and other devices are all connected to a central coaxialcable

Front 36

star topologydef

Back 36

alldevices(nodes)are connectedto a central switch

Front 37

terminators

Back 37

placed at each end of the cable

absorb signals and prevent them reflecting down the cable

Front 38

star topology pros

Back 38

faster data transfer to hub as eachwire ismt shared

if one cable fails the other computers are notaffected

Front 39

star topology cons

Back 39

required additional hardware suchasthecentral switch andnetwqork cables

if the central switch fails

Front 40

bus topology pros

Back 40

less cable so cheaper to install the network

easier to add more devices as they only need to connect to a central cable

Front 41

Pros of bus toplogies

Back 41

Less cables needed to cheaper to install the network

Easier to add more devices as they only need to connect to a central cable

Front 42

layer

Back 42

group of protocols with a similar function

Front 43

are layers contained or self contaiuned

Back 43

self contained

Front 44

4 layers and their names

Back 44

application, transport, internet, link

Front 45

what do protocols in the application layer cover

Back 45

providing network services to applications

Front 46

what do protocols in the transport layer cover

Back 46

setting up communications between 2 devices

splitting data into packets

checking packets are correctly sent and delivered

Front 47

what do protocols in the internet layer cover

Back 47

adding IP addresses to data packets

directing packets between devices

handling traffic

Front 48

what do protocols in the link layer cover

Back 48

passing data over the physical network

are responsible for how data is sent as electrical signals over hardware.

Front 49

protocol examples in the application layer

Back 49

http, https, smtp, imap, ftp

Front 50

protocol examples in the transport layer

Back 50

tcp, udp

Front 51

protocol examples in the internet layer

Back 51

ip

Front 52

protocol examples in the link layer

Back 52

wifi, internet

Front 53

pros of using layers

Back 53

1.breaks network communication into manageable pieces

2.as layers are self contained they can be changed without other layers being affected

3.having set rules for each layer forces companies to make compatible, universal hardware and software, so different brands work with each other and always in a similar way

Front 54

http

Back 54

used by web browsers to access websites and commiunicate with web servers

Front 55

https

Back 55

a more secure version of http which encrypts all information sent and recieved

Front 56

ftp

Back 56

used to access, edit and move files between devices on a network

Front 57

imap

Back 57

used to retrieve emails from a server

Front 58

smtp

Back 58

sends emails

transfers emails between servers

Front 59

which 2 protocols control the packaging of data

Back 59

tcp and udp

Front 60

tcp

Back 60

establishes a connection between the sending and recieving devices and then splits the data into packets

Front 61

udp(user datagram protocol)

Back 61

breaks data down into packets without numbering them

Front 62

what does cyber security aim to do

Back 62

protect networks, data, programs and computers against damage, cyber attacks and unauthorised access

Front 63

what can cyber attacks target

Back 63

individuals, organisations, governements

Front 64

malware

Back 64

code designed to cause harm or gain unauthorised access to a compute system often installed without consent

Front 65

typical actions which malware does

Back 65

deleting files

locking files

altering permissions

Front 66

how can malware spread

Back 66

viruses

worms

trojans

Front 67

worms

Back 67

like viruses but self replicate without the help of the user

Front 68

viruses

Back 68

attach to certain files and harm the device

Front 69

trojans

Back 69

malware disguised as legitimate software which are installed without the user knowing what they are

Front 70

pharming

Back 70

where a user is directed to a fake version of a website which looks like the real version, when the use inputs their personal information into the website they are handing it over to criminals

Front 71

how pharming can be prevented

Back 71

internet browsers using web filters

ensuring anti malware software is up to date

Front 72

social engineering

Back 72

a way of gaining sensitive information or illegal access by influencing people

Front 73

forms of social engineering

Back 73

phishing, shouldering, blagging

Front 74

phishing

Back 74

criminals use emails or texts with links to send a victim to a fake website where pharming takes place

Front 75

shouldering/shoulder surfing

Back 75

watching or observing a persons activity to get their details

Front 76

blagging/pretexting

Back 76

when someone makes up a story or pretends to be someone they are not to persuade the victim to chare information they do not want to share

Front 77

how to reduce risk of shouldering

Back 77

being discreet

covering keypad when typing

Front 78

reduce risks of physhing

Back 78

look at signals of physhing suchc as bad english and bad grammer

Front 79

reduce risks of blagging

Back 79

use security measures which cannot be shared such as biometrics

Front 80

penetration testing

Back 80

when organisations employ specialists to stimulate potential attacks to their system so they can identify weaknesses

Front 81

2 forms of penetration testing

Back 81

white box, black box

Front 82

white box

Back 82

stimulates a malicious insider who has knowledge of the current system, the person hacking will be given credentials to help them

Front 83

black box

Back 83

stimulates an external hack where the hacker has no assistance from the inside

Front 84

encryption

Back 84

when data is translated to code which only someone with the correct key can access

Front 85

anti malware software

Back 85

designed to prevent malware from damaging a network

Front 86

firewalls

Back 86

examine all data when entering or leaving a network and identify potential threats

Front 87

automatic software updates

Back 87

used to patch security holes in software

Front 88

user access levels

Back 88

controls which pats of the network different groups of users can access

Front 89

MAC address filtering

Back 89

way to ensure only the people on a network are trusted users by checking the MAC address of every device before letting them join the network

Front 90

biometric measures

Back 90

use scanners to identify the correct user

Front 91

CAPTCHA

Back 91

completely automated turing test to tell computers and humans apart

prevents computers from logging into accounts if not under human control