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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dr Robert Ley |
His control of the DAF was rife with corruption and excess and he embezzled large amounts of DAF funding and gave it an embarrassing reputation. He was unable to cope though and remained in power only because Hitler liked him. he was pushed out when the war started and was tasked with solving the housing crisis after the blitz in Germany. This would have been difficult for a skilled organiser, which he wasnt and he is partly to blame for the incompetence of housing in Germany. |
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German Workers - DAF |
German Labour Front (DAF) - Lead by Ley All other unions banned. It replaced the trade unions but didn't actually act as one, it instead focused on encouraging the idea that you should work for the Volksgemeinschaft rather than just for yourself. Membership not compulsory but by 1939 it had over 20,000,000 |
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Strength through Joy (KdF) |
Led by Ley Arranged to take up workers free time through subsidised holidays, sports, hikes and trips. By '39 they owned 8 cruise ships and rented 4 more. They were too expensive for the middle class and fights often broke out on board. Known as the 'important persons brothel' |
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Beauty of Labour |
Aimed to improve working conditions by improving washing facilities, canteens and encouraging sport participation. Prizes for factories with the most improvements, with a certificate from Hitler. Many factories made their workers carry out these improvements, with the costs deducted from their wages. Those who refused to 'volunteer' were fired. |
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National Social Factory Cell Organisation (NSBO) |
Incorporated into the DAF. Lead by Richard Muchow who wanted it to be a national trade union. It aimed to win over the working class, and had 300,000 members as of 1931 but it was nowhere near the size of rival unions (5m). It only gained support when they did strikes but these alienated business and therefore were not supported by Hitler. |
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Reich Labour service (RAD) |
RAD established in '34 for unemployed 18-25yo men. 4 month employment in public work (i.e forestry) then 2 months in an SA camp (indoctrination) Part of the DAF and necessary to go to Uni. Those in the scheme counted as employed on statistics - one of ways they won 'battle for work' |
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Organisations for Women |
National Socialist Welfare Organisation - Helped the unemployed with donations, grants and wage collection. Established 25,000 advice centres to help with welfare. National Socialist Women's Organisation - Elite organisation that acted as indoctrination and propaganda-gave classes to brides and girls on proper behaviour, autarky and cookery. German Woman's League - Established in Sept. 1933, gave advice to women on healthy eating and cooking. 6m members by '39. Also lead to Reich Mother's service which offered motherhood training classes. |
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Youth - Hitler Youth |
Set up in '26 by Gruber. Designed to indoctrinate male youth into their future role as soldiers. Took up most free time and emphasised military activities along with fitness. Became popular in '33 when all other youth organisations (apart from Catholic ones - banned in 36) were banned - grew from 50,000 in Jan '33 to 8m in '39. (made compulsory in '39) Wasn't popular with schools as it caused absence as in 36 it was made an official education movement equal to schools (sometimes as up to 89% of school kids) |
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League of German Girls/BDM |
Female equiv. of Hitler Youth. Set up in '30 and lead by Ruddier. Also took up most of their free time and aimed to develop the housewife role of Women in the volksgemeinschaft. Activities included cooking, racial awareness & gymnastics It was compulsory as part of the BDM to do a years work on the land or in domestic services to put women in touch with their peasant roots - it was unpopular as it was unpaid. BDM became compulsory in 1939 |
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Schools |
Minister of Education was Bernhard Rust (child molester). He had been a Nazi since '22. Textbooks were vetted from '33 onwards and in 1935, directives of what to teach were issued with Nazi ideals taught morethan actual material Law for the reestablishment of a professional civil service in '33 lead to the dismissing of 'politically unreliable' teachers and schools worked with the Fuhrerprinzip where outer orders given to the school had to be followed. |
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Nazi schools |
Many nazi schools specifically for indoctrination. Naploa schools were boarding schools for 10-18yo that began in '38 where 21 were established. Provided a military education. Hitler schools, set up '37 were more selective Naploa schools for 12-18yo. They were for future nazi elite. Ordensburgen (Castles of Order) were schools designed for 25-30yo that trained for high-end military service after school was completed. |
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Universities |
Book burning (May '33) prove Uni indoctrination was successful (organised by Uni Students) Indoctrination worked quickly in the form of self-cultural autarky. Nazi lectures' league setup in '35 gave courses on indoctrination and physical activity and was compulsory for all lecturers. Ran alongside the German students' league which gave twice-weekly indoctrination lectures. Both required 4 months of labour with the RLS and then 2 in an SA camp. |
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Churches - The Reich Church |
Muller appointed Reich Bishop of Reich Church established in '33. Replaced bible with Mein Kamp, crosses with swastikas, and the lords prayer was adapted. In nov. '33 a mass rally occurred demanding all pastors accept the Aryan Paragraph in their sermons (this allowed the dismissal of public servants on racial or political grounds) |
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The Catholic Church |
Catholics were least likely to vote for the Nazis and instead followed the pope. The Concordat was the promise of protection signed between Pope Pius XI and Hitler in 1933. It ensured that Nazis would protect the Catholics as long as they stayed out of politics. It lead to the voluntary disbanding of the centre party. Nazis did not keep to the agreement. |
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Resistance by workers Strikes |
By '33, Germany had the largest and most unionised European workforce. DAF stopped most opposition to Nazis and limited workers to just strikes, sabotage and absences to show discontent. It was such a huge concern in '38 that labour laws were passed w/ severe punishments for it. Punishment included being arrested by the Gestapo or being taken to biased courts. Caused due to long hours, poor conditions and poor wages. |
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Resistance by Youth Hitler Youth and BDM |
In early 30's these groups were rebellious so had high appeal but as militarism increased in them, most members began to see it as boring so many avoided participation by not paying the membership fees. This changed with the Law for the incorporation of German Youth which made these groups compulsory. Any resistance then came as non-conformism, like singing banned Jazz songs. Most enjoyed the groups however and most resistance came during the war. |
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Resistance by the Protestant Church The Reich Church |
Confessional Church - lead by Niemoller and Bonhoeffer - setup in '34 as a branch of the Emergency Pastors' league. Directly opposed Nazis/Reich church - aimed to: Protect Protestant independence Restrain Nazi attempt to impose Aryan Paragraph onto Churches Defend Jewish sections of the Bible and stop Hitler from twisting them. |
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Martin Niemoller & Dietrich Bonhoeffer |
Set up the CC which most Germans preferred to Reich one as it kept Christianity the same. CC didn't allow SA uniforms in services, refused to hang swastikas and wouldn't purge jews or communists - these were why it was popular. Niemoller welcomed the Nazis until the aryan paragraph as released. He was put in Dachau. Bonhoeffer always opposed Nazis and he supported Jews. |
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Resistance by the Catholic Church The Papal Encyclical |
Mit Brennender Sorge issued by Pius XI in '37 against the Nazis. Condenmed the breach of the concordat and said the holocaust was wrong. Claimed in the encyclical that man 'must protect against denial, suppression or neglect' - 300,000 copies printed and secretly passed to Pastors. Gestapo raided churches and collected them. |
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Bishop Clemens Von Galen |
Opposed the Nazis (specifically Rosenberg). Issued a leaflet in '35 against Rosenberg and the idea of 'racial soul'. Leaflet gained mass catholic support and this made Galen 'too important' to arrest. He campaigned against the totalitarian regime and equated Nazi loyalty to slavery. He was threatened by the SS and was part of the 5-man papal encyclical commission. |
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Oldenburg |
In '37, Rust, the education minister, ordered the removal of all crucifixes in schools, churches, and public places to nazify the churches. In protest, church bells were rung and crosses hung everywhere in Oldenburg. Many catholics left the Nazi party and mass protest occurred until the decree was removed. |
