Nasm Essentials Of Personal Fitness Training : Ch 4 : Exercise Metsbolism & Bioenergetics :

Front 1

Energy & mechanical work :

A. Lifting weights for a very short duration with high intensity

B. Running 400 m at a slightly longer duration with moderate intensity

C. Distance running for a long duration with low intensity

Back 1

Back (Definition)

Front 2

The energy stored in these substrate molecules is then chemically released in

Back 2

Cells & stored in the form of a high-energy compound, Adenosine triphosphate ATP

Front 3

Bioenergetics

Back 3

The study of energy in the human body.

Hint 3

Energy metabolism

Front 4

Energy is required to

Back 4

Sustain life

Support exercise

Help recover from exercise

Hint 4

There are 3

Front 5

What is the ultimate source of energy?

Back 5

The sun.

Front 6

Through photosynthesis, energy from the sun produces

Back 6

Chemical energy & other compounds used to convert CO2 into organic chemicals (glucose).

Front 7

Metabolism

Back 7

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself.

Front 8

Metabolism is the process in which

Back 8

Nutrients are required, transported, used, & disposed of by the body.

Front 9

What are the main sources of chemical energy for most organisms?

Back 9

Carbohydrates

Lipids (Fats)

Proteins

Front 10

The energy from the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, & proteins sustains

Back 10

The biochemical reactions required for life.

Front 11

Exercise metabolism

Back 11

The examination of bioenergetics relating to do unique physiologic changes & demands placed on the body during exercise.

Front 12

Substrates

Back 12

The material/substance on which an enzyme acts.

Front 13

Basic overview of energy metabolism :

Back 13

Back (Definition)

Front 14

Carbohydrates

Back 14

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen.

Front 15

What are some examples of carbohydrates?

Back 15

Starches

Cellulose

Sugars

Front 16

Carbohydrates

Back 16

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen that are an important source of energy.

Front 17

All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in

Back 17

The body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Front 18

Fat

Back 18

A good source of energy that helps the body use some vitamins & keep the skin healthy.

Hint 18

One of the 3 main classes of foods.

Front 19

Fat serves as

Back 19

Energy storage for the body.

Front 20

What are the two types of fat?

Back 20

Saturated fat

Unsaturated fat

Front 21

Triglycerides

Back 21

The chemical/substrate form in which most fat exists in food/the body.

Front 22

When calories are consumed but not immediately needed by cells or tissues they are

Back 22

Converted into triglycerides & transported to fat cells where they are stored.

Front 23

One of the benefits as bad as if your sources that most people have

Back 23

Inexhaustible supply of fat, which can be broken down into triglycerides & used for energy during prolonged physical activity/exercise.

Front 24

Protein

Back 24

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, consisting of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, & usually sulfur, that have several essential biologic compounds.

Front 25

When does protein become a significant source of fuel?

Back 25

Starvation.

Front 26

During a negative energy balance (low calorie diet), amino acids are used to

Back 26

Assist in energy production.

Front 27

Gluconeogenesis

Back 27

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, (amino acids).

Front 28

Carbohydrates provide the body with a source of

Back 28

Fuel & energy required for all daily activities, including exercise..

Front 29

Adenosine triphosphate

Back 29

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Hint 29

One of the Primary sources of immediate energy.

Front 30

When the chemical bonds that hold ATP together are broken, energy is

Back 30

Released for cellular work (performing muscle contraction), leaving behind Adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

Front 31

What do our bodies need a constant supply of in order to function properly?

Back 31

Energy.

Front 32

A lack of carbohydrates in the diet can cause what?

Back 32

Fatigue

Poor mental function

Lack of endurance & stamina

Hint 32

There are 3

Front 33

Glucose

Back 33

A simple sugar that serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Front 34

Glucose is manufactured by the body from

Back 34

Carbohydrates

Protein

Fat

Front 35

Glucose is absorbed & transported in the ___ where it circulates until it enters ___ & it’s either ___ or ___.

Back 35

Blood

Cells

Used or stored as energy.

Front 36

Glycogen

Back 36

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver & muscle cells.

Front 37

When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is

Back 37

Converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Front 38

Glycogen is a string of glucose molecules that can rapidly be

Back 38

Broken down into glucose & used for energy during periods of prolonged/intense exercise.

Front 39

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Back 39

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Hint 39

One of the Primary sources of immediate energy.

Front 40

One of the functions of energy metabolism is the harness and the free energy to

Back 40

Reattach a phosphate group to an ATP & restore ATP levels back to normal to perform.

Front 41

Energy is used to form the

Back 41

Myosin-actin cross-bridges that facilitate muscle contractions.

Hint 41

A bridge.

Front 42

At the myosin-Actin cross-bridges there is an

Back 42

Enzyme that separates a phosphate from the ATP, releasing energy.

Front 43

Energy is needed to allow the cross bridge to

Back 43

Ratchet the thin actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere.

Front 44

Another ATP is needed to release the cross bridge so that it can

Back 44

Flip back & grab the next actin active site & continue the contractile process.

Front 45

How many ATPs are needed for 1 cycle of a cross-bridge?

Back 45

2 ATPs.

Front 46

When are the ATP is completely depleted, there is

Back 46

No energy to break the connection between the cross bridges in actin active sites, the muscle goes into rigor.

Front 47

Any form of exercise can be defined by 2 factors, what are they?

Back 47

Intensity

Duration

Front 48

Energy & mechanical work :

A. Lifting weights for a very short duration with high intensity

B. Running 400 m at a slightly longer duration with moderate intensity

C. Distance running for a long duration with low intensity

Back 48

Back (Definition)

Front 49

The human body does not technically make energy, but rather

Back 49

Transfers energy from the sun through food to the cells to perform their specific cellular & mechanical functions.

Front 50

One of the functions of energy metabolism is the harness and the free energy to

Back 50

Reattach a phosphate group to an ATP & restore ATP levels back to normal to perform.

Front 51

What percentage of the energy released from ATP is actually used for cellular work?

Back 51

40%

Hint 51

Muscle contractions

Front 52

What is done with the remainder of the energy released from ATP?

Back 52

It is released as heat.

Front 53

Energy is used to form the

Back 53

Myosin-actin cross-bridges that facilitate muscle contractions.

Hint 53

A bridge.

Front 54

At the myosin-Actin cross-bridges there is an

Back 54

Enzyme that separates a phosphate from the ATP, releasing energy.

Front 55

Energy is needed to allow the cross bridge to

Back 55

Ratchet the thin actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere.

Front 56

Another ATP is needed to release the cross bridge so that it can

Back 56

Flip back & grab the next actin active site & continue the contractile process.

Front 57

How many ATPs are needed for 1 cycle of a cross-bridge?

Back 57

2 ATPs.

Front 58

When are the ATP is completely depleted, there is

Back 58

No energy to break the connection between the cross bridges in actin active sites, the muscle goes into rigor.

Front 59

Any form of exercise can be defined by 2 factors, what are they?

Back 59

Intensity

Duration

Front 60

Energy & mechanical work :

A. Lifting weights for a very short duration with high intensity

B. Running 400 m at a slightly longer duration with moderate intensity

C. Distance running for a long duration with low intensity

Back 60

Back (Definition)

Front 61

The human body does not technically make energy, but rather

Back 61

Transfers energy from the sun through food to the cells to perform their specific cellular & mechanical functions.

Front 62

One of the functions of energy metabolism is the harness and the free energy to

Back 62

Reattach a phosphate group to an ATP & restore ATP levels back to normal to perform.

Front 63

What percentage of the energy released from ATP is actually used for cellular work?

Back 63

40%

Hint 63

Muscle contractions

Front 64

What is done with the remainder of the energy released from ATP?

Back 64

It is released as heat.

Front 65

What happens when the enzyme ATP combines with an ATP molecule?

Back 65

It splits the last phosphate group away, releasing a large amount of free energy.

Front 66

How much free energy is released when the enzyme ATP combines with an ATP molecule?

Back 66

~ 7.3 kcal per unit of ATP

Front 67

Once the phosphate group has been split off, what remains is

Back 67

ADP & an inorganic phosphate molecule (PI)

Front 68

APT↔️ADP + Pi + energy release

Back 68

Back (Definition)

Front 69

Energy is used to form the

Back 69

Myosin-actin cross-bridges that facilitate muscle contractions.

Hint 69

A bridge.

Front 70

At the myosin-Actin cross-bridges there is an

Back 70

Enzyme that separates a phosphate from the ATP, releasing energy.

Front 71

Energy is needed to allow the cross bridge to

Back 71

Ratchet the thin actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere.

Front 72

Another ATP is needed to release the cross bridge so that it can

Back 72

Flip back & grab the next actin active site & continue the contractile process.

Front 73

How many ATPs are needed for 1 cycle of a cross-bridge?

Back 73

2 ATPs.

Front 74

When are the ATP is completely depleted, there is

Back 74

No energy to break the connection between the cross bridges in actin active sites, the muscle goes into rigor.

Front 75

Any form of exercise can be defined by 2 factors, what are they?

Back 75

Intensity

Duration

Front 76

Energy & mechanical work :

A. Lifting weights for a very short duration with high intensity

B. Running 400 m at a slightly longer duration with moderate intensity

C. Distance running for a long duration with low intensity

Back 76

Back (Definition)

Front 77

APT↔️ADP + Pi + energy release

Back 77

Back (Definition)

Front 78

Once the phosphate group has been split off, what remains is

Back 78

ADP & an inorganic phosphate molecule (Pi)

Front 79

Once an ATP has been used it must be

Back 79

Replenished again before it can provide energy again.

Front 80

By transferring a phosphate (and it’s accompanying energy) from another high energy molecule called ___ to an ADP molecule, ___.

Back 80

Phosphocreatine (CP or PC)

Enough energy can be produced to facilitate 1 cross-bridge cycle.

Front 81

What are ATP and PC/CP called?

Back 81

Phosphagens, this is sometimes referred to as the phosphagen system.

Front 82

The ATP-PC system occurs without the presence of what?

Back 82

Oxygen (anaerobic).

Front 83

The ATP-PC system provides energy for primarily

Back 83

High intensity, short duration bouts of exercise/activity.

Front 84

The ATP-PC system can be seen and what types of training?

Back 84

Power and strength forms of training :

Heavy loads/few repetitions

Short sprinting events

Front 85

During an all out sprint, the combination of ATP & PC stores could supply energy to

Back 85

All of the working muscles for only 10-15 secs before complete exhaustion was reached.

Front 86

The ATP-PC system is activated at the

Back 86

Onset of activity, regardless of intensity, because of its ability to produce energy rapidly in comparison with other systems.

Front 87

ATP-PC system :

Back 87

Back (Definition)

Front 88

Another anaerobic means of producing ATP is through the

Back 88

Chemical breakdown of glucose, anaerobic glycolysis.

Front 89

Before glucose or glycogen can generate energy, it must be converted to a

Back 89

Compound called glucose-6-phosphate.

Front 90

The process of glycolysis does not begin until

Back 90

Either glucose or glycogen is broken down into glucose-6-phosphate.

Front 91

The overall goal of glycolysis is to

Back 91

Produce energy.

Front 92

The conversion of glucose to glucose six phosphate actually

Back 92

Uses up 1 ATP molecule, whereas with glycogen it does not.

Front 93

Glucose or glycogen can be broken down to either

Back 93

Pyruvic acid (aerobic glycolysis)

or

lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis)

Front 94

How many ATP are produced for each mole or unit of glucose?

Back 94

2 ATP

Front 95

How many ATP are produced for each unit of glycogen?

Back 95

3 ATP

Front 96

Although the glycolysis system can produce a significantly greater amount of energy then the ATP-PC system, how long does the energy last?

Back 96

~30-50 secs

Front 97

Hydrogen ions released during glycolysis & during the Krebs cycle combined with other enzymes & in the

Back 97

3rd process of oxidation, providing energy for the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP (electron transport chain).

Front 98

Depending on some details, how much ATP is produced after the complete metabolism of a single glucose molecule?

Back 98

Between 35 & 40 ATP.

Front 99

That can only be metabolized

Back 99

Aerobically.

Front 100

What is the 1st step in oxidation of fat?

Back 100

A process called B-oxidation.

Front 101

B-oxidation

Back 101

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFA into Acetyl CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle, ultimately leading to the production of additional ATP.

Front 102

The oxidative system :

Back 102

Back (Definition)

Front 103

Depending on what specific of kind fat is oxidized (ex:palmitic acid), how many ATP molecules are produced from 1 molecule?

Back 103

129 ATP molecules

Front 104

What type of oxidation produces more ATP per molecule compared with others?

Back 104

Fat oxidation produces more ATP per molecule of fat compared to a molecule of carbohydrate.

Front 105

Fat oxidation requires more

Back 105

Oxygen to produce ATP.

Front 106

Carbohydrates are the preferred fuel substrate for

Back 106

The oxidative production of ATP.

Front 107

The most fitness workouts will place a greater stress on this glycolysis system than the other systems because

Back 107

A typical repetition range of 8-12 reps falls within the timeframe.

Front 108

What are the in results of the aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates & fats?

Back 108

Water & carbon dioxide, which are both easily eliminated (compared to lactic acid).

Front 109

The aerobic breakdown of glucose & fat takes ___ than the anaerobic metabolism of ___ & far ___.

Back 109

Much longer

Glucose

Longer than the ATP-PC cycle

Front 110

Aerobic metabolism has the capability to produce energy, at least for exercise, for an

Back 110

Indefinite period of time, because everyone has an ample supply of storage fat.

Front 111

Energy during exercise :

X axis : exercise time at maximum capacity

Y axis : percentage of energy supplied by various fuel sources

Immediate energy systems : Very short duration (sprint) ATP-PC

Back 111

Back (Definition)

Front 112

As the duration of exercise increases out to (~ 2 mins), the primary source of energy comes from

Back 112

Anaerobic metabolism of glucose (anaerobic glycolysis).

Front 113

After several minutes of exercise, the oxidation of glucose in fat predominates as

Back 113

The primary source of energy.

Front 114

When glycogen stores are depleted, excess the intensity begins to

Back 114

Slow as the primary energy supply turns from glycogen to fats.

Front 115

After 90 minutes of exercise, the majority of

Back 115

Muscle glycogen stores are depleted.

Front 116

Through a combination of training & high carbohydrate intake, it is possible to store

Back 116

Significantly greater quantities of glycogen, perhaps up to 50% more.

Front 117

Greater quantities of glycogen allows athletes to

Back 117

Exercise for longer periods before for taking or reaching a point of exhaustion.

Front 118

The glycolysis system :

Back 118

Back (Definition)

Front 119

The bio energetics of exercise can be indirectly measured in a

Back 119

Laboratory using various modes of exercise while measuring the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide & volume of expired air.

Front 120

What are some examples of the way bio energetics of exercise can be measured?

Back 120

(treadmill, ergometer, rolling ergometer, cross country ski simulator, swimming flume)

Front 121

When are Measurements made for the purpose of assessing exercise metabolism typically made?

Back 121

During periods of steady-state.

Front 122

Steady state exercise

Back 122

Exercise performed at a constant pace (intensity).

Hint 122

Walking a brisk pace of 4 mph

15 minutes per mile

Front 123

Substrates with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.

Back 123

Substrates with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.

Front 124

All 3 of the oxidative processes involved in the production of ATP involve

Back 124

Oxygen & thus are referred to as aerobic processes.

Front 125

The three oxidative or aerobic systems include :

Back 125

Back (Definition)

Front 126

The presence of oxygen in glycolysis only determines the fate of

Back 126

The end product,

In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into an important molecule the metabolism called acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA).

Front 127

What is the end product of Pyruvic acid without oxygen?

Back 127

The end product is lactic acid.

Front 128

Acetyl CoA is an important molecule because it contributes

Back 128

Substrates for use in the 2nd process of oxidative production of ATP, the Krebs cycle.

Front 129

In the complete oxidation of Acetyl CoA how many units of ATP is created? What else is created?

Back 129

2 units of ATP

Hydrogen & carbon dioxide

Front 130

Although the glycolysis system can produce a significantly greater amount of energy then the ATP-PC system, how long does the energy last?

Back 130

~30-50 secs

Front 131

Hydrogen ions released during glycolysis & during the Krebs cycle combined with other enzymes & in the

Back 131

3rd process of oxidation, providing energy for the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP (electron transport chain).

Front 132

The glycolysis system :

Back 132

Back (Definition)

Front 133

That can only be metabolized

Back 133

Aerobically.

Front 134

What is the 1st step in oxidation of fat?

Back 134

A process called B-oxidation.

Front 135

The three oxidative or aerobic systems include :

Back 135

Back (Definition)

Front 136

The oxidative system :

Back 136

Back (Definition)

Front 137

Depending on what specific of kind fat is oxidized (ex:palmitic acid), how many ATP molecules are produced from 1 molecule?

Back 137

129 ATP molecules

Front 138

What type of oxidation produces more ATP per molecule compared with others?

Back 138

Fat oxidation produces more ATP per molecule of fat compared to a molecule of carbohydrate.

Front 139

Fat oxidation requires more

Back 139

Oxygen to produce ATP.

Front 140

Carbohydrates are the preferred fuel substrate for

Back 140

The oxidative production of ATP.

Front 141

The most fitness workouts will place a greater stress on this glycolysis system than the other systems because

Back 141

A typical repetition range of 8-12 reps falls within the timeframe.

Front 142

What are the in results of the aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates & fats?

Back 142

Water & carbon dioxide, which are both easily eliminated (compared to lactic acid).

Front 143

The aerobic breakdown of glucose & fat takes ___ than the anaerobic metabolism of ___ & far ___.

Back 143

Much longer

Glucose

Longer than the ATP-PC cycle

Front 144

Aerobic metabolism has the capability to produce energy, at least for exercise, for an

Back 144

Indefinite period of time, because everyone has an ample supply of storage fat.

Front 145

The oxidative system :

Back 145

Back (Definition)

Front 146

As the duration of exercise increases out to (~ 2 mins), the primary source of energy comes from

Back 146

Anaerobic metabolism of glucose (anaerobic glycolysis).

Front 147

After several minutes of exercise, the oxidation of glucose in fat predominates as

Back 147

The primary source of energy.

Front 148

When glycogen stores are depleted, excess the intensity begins to

Back 148

Slow as the primary energy supply turns from glycogen to fats.

Front 149

After 90 minutes of exercise, the majority of

Back 149

Muscle glycogen stores are depleted.

Front 150

Through a combination of training & high carbohydrate intake, it is possible to store

Back 150

Significantly greater quantities of glycogen, perhaps up to 50% more.

Front 151

Greater quantities of glycogen allows athletes to

Back 151

Exercise for longer periods before for taking or reaching a point of exhaustion.

Front 152

The glycolysis system :

Back 152

Back (Definition)

Front 153

Energy during exercise :

X axis : exercise time at maximum capacity

Y axis : percentage of energy supplied by various fuel sources

Immediate energy systems : Very short duration (sprint) ATP-PC

Back 153

Back (Definition)

Front 154

What are some examples of the way bio energetics of exercise can be measured?

Back 154

(treadmill, ergometer, rolling ergometer, cross country ski simulator, swimming flume)

Front 155

When are Measurements made for the purpose of assessing exercise metabolism typically made?

Back 155

During periods of steady-state.

Front 156

Steady state exercise

Back 156

Exercise performed at a constant pace (intensity).

Hint 156

Walking a brisk pace of 4 mph

15 minutes per mile

Front 157

Substrates with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.

Back 157

Substrates with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.

Front 158

All 3 of the oxidative processes involved in the production of ATP involve

Back 158

Oxygen & thus are referred to as aerobic processes.

Front 159

The three oxidative or aerobic systems include :

Back 159

Back (Definition)

Front 160

The presence of oxygen in glycolysis only determines the fate of

Back 160

The end product,

In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into an important molecule the metabolism called acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA).

Front 161

What is the end product of Pyruvic acid without oxygen?

Back 161

The end product is lactic acid.

Front 162

Acetyl CoA is an important molecule because it contributes

Back 162

Substrates for use in the 2nd process of oxidative production of ATP, the Krebs cycle.

Front 163

In the complete oxidation of Acetyl CoA how many units of ATP is created? What else is created?

Back 163

2 units of ATP

Hydrogen & carbon dioxide

Front 164

When considering steady-state exercise, and assumption Hass to be need that at the outset,

Back 164

The energy required to walk on a treadmill at this pace this the same for the first few steps as it is for the last few steps.

Front 165

While standing over the treadmill belt, there was a low energy requirement that

Back 165

Rises immediately in a square with response when walking begins.

Front 166

Once walking begins it stays

Back 166

Constant for the duration of the walk.

Front 167

Declines

Immediately on stepping off the treadmill.

Back 167

Declines

Immediately on stepping off the treadmill.

Front 168

The oxygen consumption of supine (lying down) rest is

Back 168

Less than seated rest, which is less than standing at rest.

Front 169

The simple anticipation of exercise

Back 169

Raises the resting oxygen use.

Front 170

After exercise the oxygen consumption stays

Back 170

Elevated for a short period before starting a rapid decline.

Front 171

Once the oxygen consumption starts to rapidly decline

Back 171

A slower decline comes before finally returning to baseline.

Front 172

If the caloric requirement exceeds the body’s ability to deliver energy aerobically, the body will

Back 172

Make up the difference anaerobically, regardless of when this occurs during exercise.

Front 173

Why does the body prefer aerobic or oxidative metabolism?

Back 173

Because carbon dioxide & oxygen are more easily eliminated.

Front 174

At the start of exercise what energy source does the body rely on?

Back 174

The ATP-PC cycle

Anaerobic metabolism of glucose

Front 175

Respiratory quotient (RQ)

Back 175

The amount of CO2 expired

______________________________

the amount of CO2 consumed

Measured at rest / steady-state of exercise using a metabolic analyzer

Front 176

What can be determined when VO2 & VCO2 are measured & the RQ calculated during steady state exercise?

Back 176

The relative contribution of fats & carbohydrates as fuel sources.

Front 177

During steady-state exercise, an RQ of 1.0 indicates what?

Back 177

Carbohydrates are supplying 100% of the fuel.

Front 178

During steady-state exercise an RQ of 0.7 indicates what?

Back 178

Fats are supplying 100% of the fuel for metabolism.

Front 179

Any RQ between 0.7 & 1.0 indicates what?

Back 179

A mixture of carbohydrates & fats are feeling metabolism.

Front 180

Oxygen consumption curve

Total energy needed

Back 180

Oxygen consumption curve

Total energy needed

Front 181

During exercise the rate of aerobic ATP production gradually

Back 181

Increases, and less and less energy is derived from anaerobic sources.

Front 182

Once the plateau has been reached, the energy demands of the exercise are

Back 182

Being met by aerobic production of energy.

Front 183

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Back 183

The state in which the body‘s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Front 184

Once 80 PMPC levels have been restored and other physiologic processes have returned to normal, oxygen consumption will

Back 184

Have returned close to the baseline, and immediate recovery will be mostly complete.

Front 185

The recovery of the ATP-PC cycle is complete after how long?

Back 185

~90secs

Front 186

If the prior bouts of high intensity work is quite short, meaning it was probably fueled by ATPPC, the recovery period is

Back 186

Correspondingly brief

Front 187

If the period of high-intensity workouts longer,

Back 187

The recovery period will take longer.

Front 188

Recovery is what type of event?

Back 188

An aerobic event to set ATP-PC concentrations back toward normal & the aerobic elimination of lactic acid.

Front 189

At the start of exercise what energy source does the body rely on?

Back 189

The ATP-PC cycle

Anaerobic metabolism of glucose

Front 190

Respiratory quotient (RQ)

Back 190

The amount of CO2 expired

______________________________

the amount of CO2 consumed

Measured at rest / steady-state of exercise using a metabolic analyzer

Front 191

What can be determined when VO2 & VCO2 are measured & the RQ calculated during steady state exercise?

Back 191

The relative contribution of fats & carbohydrates as fuel sources.

Front 192

During steady-state exercise, an RQ of 1.0 indicates what?

Back 192

Carbohydrates are supplying 100% of the fuel.

Front 193

During steady-state exercise an RQ of 0.7 indicates what?

Back 193

Fats are supplying 100% of the fuel for metabolism.

Front 194

Any RQ between 0.7 & 1.0 indicates what?

Back 194

A mixture of carbohydrates & fats are feeling metabolism.

Front 195

RQ and percentage of calories from fats & carbohydrates :

Back 195

Back (Definition)

Front 196

A full 20 minutes of walking at 3.0 mph may result in in an RQ of 0.80 expends how many calories?

Back 196

64 cal metabolism of fat

32 cal metabolism of carbohydrates

Front 197

Hey for 20 minutes of walking at 6 mph requires more carbohydrates, so in our queue of 0.86, how many calories are expended?

Back 197

104 cal from carbohydrates

90 cal from fat

Front 198

Oxygen consumption curve

Total energy needed

Back 198

Oxygen consumption curve

Total energy needed

Front 199

During exercise the rate of aerobic ATP production gradually

Back 199

Increases, and less and less energy is derived from anaerobic sources.

Front 200

Once the plateau has been reached, the energy demands of the exercise are

Back 200

Being met by aerobic production of energy.

Front 201

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Back 201

The state in which the body‘s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Front 202

Once 80 PMPC levels have been restored and other physiologic processes have returned to normal, oxygen consumption will

Back 202

Have returned close to the baseline, and immediate recovery will be mostly complete.

Front 203

The recovery of the ATP-PC cycle is complete after how long?

Back 203

~90secs

Front 204

RQ and percentage of calories from fats & carbohydrates :

Back 204

Back (Definition)

Front 205

If the period of high-intensity workouts longer,

Back 205

The recovery period will take longer.

Front 206

Recovery is what type of event?

Back 206

An aerobic event to set ATP-PC concentrations back toward normal & the aerobic elimination of lactic acid.