Nasm Cpt Ch 3

Front 1

A body segment is moving away from the midline of the body.

Back 1

Abduction

Ch3

Front 2

A muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint.

Back 2

Abductors

Ch 3

Front 3

The speed of an object.

Back 3

Acceleration

Ch 3

Front 4

Muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements.

Back 4

Active force

Ch 3

Front 5

A body segment is moving toward the midline of the body.

Back 5

Adduction

Ch 3

Front 6

A muscle that produces adduction of a limb or joint.

Back 6

Adductors

Ch 3

Front 7

Standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the head faces forward.

Back 7

Anatomic position

Ch 3

Front 8

A straight line that cuts through the body from front to back.

Back 8

Anterior-posterior axis

Ch 3

Front 9

A white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone.

Back 9

Aponeurosis

Ch 3

Front 10

The study of how forces affect a living body.

Back 10

Biomechanics

Ch 3

Front 11

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length.

Back 11

Concentric activation

Ch 3

Front 12

The programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction, develops a plan of action, and implements a corrective strategy as a part of an exercise training program.

Back 12

Corrective exercise

Ch 3

Front 13

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

Back 13

Eccentric activation

Ch 3

Front 14

Action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction.

Back 14

Eccentric function

Ch 3

Front 15

A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases.

Back 15

Extension

Ch 3

Front 16

A muscle that produces extension of a limb or joint.

Back 16

Extensors—

Ch 3

Front 17

Rotation of a limb or body segment away from the midline of the body

Back 17

External rotation

Ch 3

Front 18

Located from outside yet act on a structure being considered.

Back 18

Extrinsic

Ch 3

Front 19

The normal extensibility of soft tissue, which allows a joint to be moved through its full range of motion.

Back 19

Flexibility

Ch 3

Front 20

A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases.

Back 20

Flexion

C 3

Front 21

A muscle that produces flexion of a limb or joint.

Back 21

Flexors

C 3

Front 22

(1) A push or a pull that can create, stop, or change movement. (2) Force = Mass × Acceleration.

Back 22

Force

Ch 3

Front 23

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a front half and a back half.

Back 23

Frontal plane

Ch 3

Front 24

A force that accelerates an object or mass downward toward the earth’s center.

Back 24

Gravity

Ch 3

Front 25

An equal and opposite external force that is exerted back onto the body by the ground.

Back 25

Ground reaction force

Ch 3

Front 26

The relatively mobile attachment site.

Back 26

Insertion

Ch 3

Front 27

The coordination of muscles to produce, reduce, and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement.

Back 27

Integrated function

Ch 3

Front 28

Rotation of a limb or body segment toward the midline of the body.

Back 28

Internal rotation

Ch 3

Front 29

Deep inner muscles behind the superficial abdominals that have a direct effect on stabilizing the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex.

Back 29

Intrinsic core stabilizers

Ch 3

Front 30

Located from within and acting directly on a structure being considered.

Back 30

Intrinsic

Ch 3

Front 31

(1) A muscle’s primary function. (2) A muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment.

Back 31

Isolated function

Ch 3

Front 32

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while maintaining a constant length.

Back 32

Isometric activation

Ch 3

Front 33

The study of human movement

Back 33

Kinesiology

Ch 3

Front 34

Biomechanics term that involves the study of forces.

Back 34

Kinetics

Ch 3

Front 35

A relatively rigid rod or bar that rotates around a fulcrum.

Back 35

Lever

Ch 3

Front 36

The direction in which a muscle is pulled.

Back 36

Line of pull

Ch 3

Front 37

An imaginary long, straight line that cuts through the body from top to bottom.

Back 37

Longitudinal axis

Ch 3

Front 38

The incorrect or improper alignment of the joints in a body without movements.

Back 38

Malalignment

Ch 3

Front 39

The amount of matter in an object or physical body.

Back 39

Mass

Ch 3

Front 40

A substance that has mass and takes up space.

Back 40

Matter

Ch 3

Front 41

That which is contained within an imaginary line that splits the body into equal halves.

Back 41

Midline

Ch 3

Front 42

Occurring in more than one plane of motion.

Back 42

Multiplanar

Ch 3

Front 43

The mid-region in between the origin and insertion.

Back 43

Muscle belly

Ch 3

Front 44

When the neuromuscular system allows agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to synergistically produce muscle actions in all three planes of motion.

Back 44

Neuromuscular efficiency

Ch 3

Front 45

The relatively stationary attachment site where skeletal muscle attaches begins.

Back 45

Origin

Ch 3

Front 46

Referring to a state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be more active during a joint action.

Back 46

Overactive

Ch 3

Front 47

Muscle with fibers that are oriented parallel to that muscle’s longitudinal axis.

Back 47

Parallel muscle

Ch 3

Front 48

Muscle with fibers that are oriented at an angle to the muscle’s longitudinal axis.

Back 48

Pennate muscle

Ch 3

Front 49

A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction.

Back 49

Pronation of the foot

Ch 3

Front 50

A triplanar movement that is associated with force reduction.

Back 50

Pronation

Ch 3

Front 51

A muscle that produces pronation of a limb or body segment.

Back 51

Pronators

Ch 3

Front 52

Body position where one is lying with the face downward.

Back 52

Prone

Ch 3

Front 53

Applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation.

Back 53

Qualitative analysis

Ch 3

Front 54

Taking physical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion

Back 54

Quantitative analysis

Ch 3

Front 55

The amount of movement produced by one or multiple joints.

Back 55

Range of motion

Ch 3

Front 56

The speed at which each repetition is performed.

Back 56

Repetition tempo

Ch 3

Front 57

Adduction of the shoulder blades where the shoulder blades move toward the spine.

Back 57

Retraction

Ch 3

Front 58

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a left half and a right half.

Back 58

Sagittal plane

Ch 3

Front 59

When the space between the bone on top of the shoulder (acromion) and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during arm elevation.

Back 59

Shoulder Impingement

Ch 3

Front 60

The starting point from which an individual moves.

Back 60

Static posture

Ch 3

Front 61

A combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction.

Back 61

Supination of the foot

Ch 3

Front 62

A triplanar motion that is associated with force production.

Back 62

Supination

Ch 3

Front 63

A muscle that produces supination of a limb or body segment.

Back 63

Supinators

Ch 3

Front 64

Body position where one is lying on the back and face is upward.

Back 64

Supine

Ch 3

Front 65

The amount of time that muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movements.

The varying speed at which exercises are performed, and a core concept that will be highly used in program design depending on the individual needs of clients.

Back 65

Tempo

Ch 3

Front 66

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force.

Back 66

Tendons

Ch 3

Front 67

The rotary or rotational effect that a force has around an axis.

Back 67

Torque

Ch 3

Front 68

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a top half and a bottom half.

Back 68

Transverse plane

Ch 3

Front 69

A multijoint exercise that involves extension at the hip, knee, and ankle.

Back 69

Triple extension

Ch 3

Front 70

A multijoint exercise that involves flexion at the hip, knee, and ankle.

Back 70

Triple flexion

Ch 3

Front 71

Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be relatively less active during a joint action.

Back 71

Underactive

Ch 3

Front 72

The amount of force that gravity has on the body.

Back 72

Weight

Ch 3

Front 73

This is the standard set of terms that refer to locations on the human body, the various planes of motion that we move through in functional activities, and the individual types of movements that the joints ofthe body can accomplish. This common scientific language is standard throughout the health, fitness, and medical fields.

Back 73

Anatomic Locations, Planes of Motion, and Joint Movements

Ch 3

Front 74

These are the most common types of movements that the fitness professional will utilize when working in a fitness facility with clients.

Back 74

Common Gym Movements

Ch 3

Front 75

Using the terminology of biomechanics, the fitness professional can effectively classify any exercise, with any equipment, into a standard naming convention. This will allow for ease of program design and the progression and regression of exercises as needed.

Back 75

Exercise Naming

Ch 3

Front 76

Muscles work in three different ways to produce, stabilize, and reduce forces around our joints. Each muscle in the body will also perform different functions while working with other muscles, depending on the specific task that is required of it.

Back 76

The Muscle Action Spectrum and Muscle Functions

Ch 3

Front 77

This is application of physics as it applies to our bodies. It involves the study of forces, torque, and levers, and how the body interacts with the outside world to push, pull, create, stop, or change movement.

Back 77

Kinetics

Ch 3

Front 78

In order for the body to work in the most efficient way, the neuromuscular system must allow all muscles surrounding a joint to produce and reduce force, and dynamically stabilize the kinetic chain in all three planes of motion

Back 78

Neuromuscular Efficiency

Ch 3

Front 79

Soleus (extrinsic muscle of the posterior leg)

Lateral Gastrocnemius (extrinsic muscle of the posterior leg)

Peroneus Longus & Brevis (peroneals) (lateral leg)

Back 79

Common Overactive Muscles of the foot & ankle

Ch 3

Front 80

Medial Gastrocnemius (extrinsic muscle of the posterior leg)

Anterior Tibialis (anterior leg)

Posterior Tibialis (extrinsic muscle of the posterior leg)

Back 80

Common Underactive Muscles of the foot & ankle

Ch 3

Front 81

Biceps Femoris (short head) (Posterior leg)

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL) (anterior leg)

Back 81

Common Overactive Muscles of the knee

Ch 3

Front 82

Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO) (anterior leg)

Back 82

Common Underactive Muscles of the knee

Ch 3

Front 83

Hip Flexors (TFL, Quadriceps, Psoas)

Adductors

Abdominals (Rectus Abdominus, External Obliques)

Erector Spinae

Back 83

Common Overactive Muscles of the LPHC

Ch 3

Front 84

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Hamstrings

Intrinsic Core Stabilizers (Transverse Abdominis & Internal Obliques)

Erector Spinae

Back 84

Common Underactive Muscles of the LPHC

Ch 3

Front 85

Latissimus Dorsi (Posterior)

Pectoralis Major / Minor (Anterior)

Back 85

Common Overactive Muscles of the Shoulders

Ch 3

Front 86

Middle & Lower Trapezius (posterior)

Rhomboids (posterior)

Rotator Cuff (Supraspinatus -Posterior, Infraspinatus -Posterior, Teres Minor -Posterior, Subscapularis -Anterior)

Back 86

Common Underactive Muscles of the Shoulders

Ch 3

Front 87

Upper Trapezius (Posterior)

Sternocleidomastoid (Anterior, Deep Cervical Flexor)

Levator Scapulae (Posterior)

Back 87

Common Overactive Muscles of the Head & Neck

Ch 3

Front 88

Deep Cervical Flexors

(Longus Capitis, Longus Coli, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes)

Back 88

Common Underactive Muscles of the Head & Neck

Ch 3

Front 89

Longus Capitis

Longus Coli

Sternocleidomastoid

Scalenes

Back 89

Deep Cervical Flexors

Ch 3

Front 90

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Medialis Oblique

Vastus Lateralis

Tensor Fascia Latae

Back 90

Quadriceps

Ch 3

Front 91

Gracilis

Pectineus

Adductor Magnus - Anterior Fibers

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus

Back 91

Adductors

Ch 3

Front 92

Supraspinatus (Posterior)

Infraspinatus (Posterior)

Teres Minor (Posterior)

Subscapularis (Anterior)

Back 92

Rotator Cuff

Ch 3

Front 93

Semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris - Long Head

Semimembranous

Biceps Femoris - Short Head

Back 93

Hamstring Complex

Ch 3

Front 94

Lies beneath the Rectus Abdominis

Back 94

Transverse Abdominis

Ch 3

Front 95

Underneath the External Obliques

Back 95

Internal Obliques

Ch 3