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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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system composed of muscle cells called fibers, fascia and tendons
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muscular system
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The three types of muscle
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Skeletal
Smooth Cardiac |
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Type of muscle that attaches to the skeleton
Voluntary Striated in appearance |
Skeletal
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Type of muscle found in hollow organs
Involuntary muscle Controlled by the ANS(Autonomic Nervous System) |
Cardiac
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Characteristics of muscle tissue
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Excitability-ability to receive stimulus
Contactability-ability to contract, generating force Extensibilty-ability to stretch Elasticity - Abiltiy to return to its normal state |
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Part of the makeup of:
Skin, organs, bones, muscles, nerves, brain, blood vessels, heart |
Fascia
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Refers to a sheet or broad band of fibrous connective tissue beneath the skin, around and within muscles and other organs of the body
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Fascia
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This can range from liquid to solid depending on:
location current physical demands body chemistry stress |
Fascia
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Immediately deep to the skin
made of adipose tissue an areolar tissue It sores water and fat Forma a layer of insulation |
Superficial fascia
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Dense, irregular connective tissue
Keeps muscles into functional groups while holding them together Allows for free movement of muscles |
Deep fascia
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List the components of muscle from the inside out
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Muscle fiber
Endomysium Muscle fascicle Perimysium Epimysium |
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Thousands of contractile cells fused into one cell
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Muscle fiber
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Fascia surrounding individual muscle fibers
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Endomysium
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A group of muscle fibers surrounded by fascia
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muscle fascicle
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Fascia that surrounds muscle fascicles
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Perimysium
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Fascia that encases entire muscle
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Epimysium
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which three components of the muscle come together at the ends of muscles to form tendons?
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Endomysium, Perimysium and Epimysium
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What attach to the periosteum of bones?
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Tendons
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The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
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sarcolemma
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cytoplasm of muscle cells
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Sarcoplasm
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Thread-like, extend the length of the muscle fiber
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Myofibrils
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A fluid filled system of tunnels encircles each myofibrils
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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functional unit of the muscle
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Sarcomeres
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Separate sarcomeres
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Z disc
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The length of thick filament
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A band
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Space between A bands
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H zone
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Center of the H zone
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M line
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Space between A bands
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I band
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The types of Muscle Proprioceptors
(Sensory Receptors) |
Gogli Tendon Organs
muscle spindles |
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Receptors found at the muscle tendon juction
Monitor the force of muscle contractions When tension is applied to the tendon, impulses are conducted to the CNS resulting in relaxation of the muscle. |
Gogli Tendon Organs
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Receptors in muscle tissue that monitor change
slight stretching simulates these receptors once the signal sent by the muscle spindles gets back to the muscle it slightly contracts shortening the muscle being stretched It keeps the muscle in the appropriate tone for action being done |
Muscle spindles
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nerve that stimulates contraction
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motor neuron
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A motor unit and all the muscle fibers it stimulates
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Motor units
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Motor neuron muscle fibers contract and relax together.
True or False? |
True
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One neuron can make 150 muscle fibers contract at the same time.
True or False? |
True
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If a motor unit does not deliver a signal no fibers will contract.
True or False? |
True
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The total strength of contractions is varied in part by adjusting the number of motor units that are activated
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True
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What does the term neuromuscular junction refer to?
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Junction between the axon terminals and motor end plates
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Fine divisions of the axon of a motor neuron
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Axon terminals
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Bulb shaped expansion at the end of the axon terminals
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Synaptic bulb
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Tiny sacs within synaptic bulb contain neurotransimitter
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Synaptic vesicles
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Neurotransmitter located within synaptic vesicles
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Acetylcholine
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Sarcolemma surrounding a synaptic bulb
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Motor End Plate
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Steps of Skeletal Muscle Contraction:
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1)Motor neuron secretes ACH across synapse
2)ACH binds to receptors of the motor end plates 3)This sends a signal throughout the Sarcolemma 4)This stimulates the Sarcoplasimic Reticulum to release calcium into the Sarcoplasm 5)Calcium uncovers binding sites on actin(thin filaments) 6)ATP reacts with the heads of myosin allowing it to bind to actin 7)Myosin pull on actin filaments causing them to slide towards the H zone 8)This causes sarcomeres to shorten 9) This causes the sarcomeres to shorten and contraction occurs |
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the process by which ATP is obtained from energy-rich molecules
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ATP
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic Respiration Glycolysis Glycogen |
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Refers to the oxygen taken in exercise
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Oxygen Debt
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four functions of extra oxygen
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a)Convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid
b) Replenish the glycogen stores c) Resynthesize cratine phosphate and ATP d) Replace oxygen removed from myoglobin |
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The inability of a muscle to mabute intain its strength of contraction or tension
Occurs when a muscle cannot produce enough ATP to meet demands |
Muscle Fatigue
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Factors contributing to muscle fatigue
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Insufficient oxygen
Depletion of glycogen Buildup of lactic acid Not releasing enough ACh |
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Threee muscle fiber types
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Slow Twitch - Type 1
Fast Twitch - Type 2A Fast twitch B - Type 2B |
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High amount of myoglobin (stores oxygen)
Many mitochondria Many capillaries-gives a red appearance High capacity to generate ATP They split ATP ata a slow rate-contract slowly Very resistant to fatigue Found in high numbers in postural muscles |
Slow twitch muscle fibers
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Contracts quickly
Not as resistant to fatigue |
Fast twitch A- 2A muscle fibers
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Low amounts of myoglobin
Few mitochondria Few capillaries Contain large stores of glycogen split ATP very quickly contractions are strong and fast Supply muscles with small amounts of ATP The largest in diameter |
Fast Twitch B - 2B muscle fibers
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What type of muscles are :
Mixture of all three types |
Skeletal
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What type of muscle fiber is recruited for a weak muscle contraction?
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Slow twitch
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What type of muscle fiber is recruited for a strong muscle contraction?
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Fast twitch 2A
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What determines what type of muscle fiber will be recruited for a specific contraction?
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The amount of force
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What helps maintain body temperature?
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Smooth and skeletal muscle
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What happens within the body when heat needs to be released?
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Arterioles dilate
Skin blood levels increase Heat escapes through the blood vessels and glands |
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What happens within the body when heat needs to be conserved?
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Arterioles constrict producing heat
Heat is trapped inside the vessels Only 15%of stored chemical energy is used for mechanical work. about 85% is released as heat to maintain normal body temp. |
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Minimal stimulus required for contraction
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Threshold response
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All of the muscle fibers will contract together if the threshold has been reached
If not, no contraction will occur |
All-Or-None Response
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Quick, jerky response to a stimulus
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Twitch
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Successive contraction recruit more motor units
Each contraction is greater than the previous |
Stair case effect
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Sustained smooth contraction
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Tetanus
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Contraction of muscle with no movement in the joint
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Isometric
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Contraction with shortening of muscle and movement in the joint
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Isotonic
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Two phases of Isotonic Contraction
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Concentric phase-flexion while muscle shortens
Eccentric phase - Flexion while muscle lengthens |
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Enlarging or growing of muscle tissue
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Hypertrophy
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Shrinking or wasting away of muscle tissue
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Atrophy
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