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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What single cell fibres are muscles made of? |
Myofibrils |
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Name the three types of muscles and their function |
Smooth - move involuntarily e.g. digestive system Cardiac - only found in heart Skeletal - support and move skeleton, responsible for movement |
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Name the three muscle fibres and what they do |
Slow twitch - slow contraction rate, large capacity for using oxygen - endurance High oxidative fast twitch - dark red in colour, use large amount of oxygen - working at speed over long distance e.g. eventing/racing Low oxidative fast twitch - pale use very little oxygen, gives short bursts of speed e.g. sprint finish |
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Name functions of skeletal muscles |
To support skeleton To move skeleton Prevent excess movement of joints Produce heat - shivering Store energy in form of glycogen |
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What’s another name for muscle wastage |
Atrophy |
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Flat and sheet like muscles are good for? |
With their long fibres and flat tendinous attachments - large range of movement |
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Long strap like muscles have? |
Long fibres |
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Short thick muscles have? And are good for? |
Are densely packed fibres - good for strength |
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Explain how muscles work together? |
In antagonistic pairs, nervous impulses cause one muscle to shorten (contract) the opposite relaxes therefore lengthens |
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Role of abductor muscle? |
Move limb away from body |
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Role of adductor muscle |
Move limb towards body |
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What is a tendon? |
Continuation of muscle fibres, non elastic fibrous chord - has poor blood supply (take long time to heal) |
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What do tendons attach? |
Muscle to bone/cartilage to muscle |
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What protein are tendons composed of? |
Collagen - main protein of connective tissue |
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Why do tendons take so long to heal? And do they heal completely? |
Takes approx 6 months to replace collagen completely - never fully heal as scar tissue form only imitates doesn’t replace. |
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Name the four tendons |
Superficial digital flexor tendons Deep digital flexor tendon Common digital extensor tendon Lateral digital extensor tendon |
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What type of fibres are ligaments made up of? |
Bands of fibres - White = inelastic, yellow = elastic |
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What are the functions of ligaments |
Limit movement bu preventing over extension of joints Reduce concussion |
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What do ligaments attach? |
Bone to bone - by merging with the periosteum covering bone |
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Name the four types of ligaments and their functions |
Supporting/suspending e.g. suspensory ligament
Annular - wide straps of fibrous tissue (facia) direct force on the tendon
Inter- osseous - binds bones together e.g. binding pedal bones and navicular bone
Funicular - keeps bones together |
