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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is hyaline cartilage vascular/avascular? |
Whilst highly hydrated, hyaline cartilage is avascular. |
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How a muscle connect to a tendon? |
Collagen fibres in the perimysium and epimysium of muscles consolidate to form the tendon. |
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What is an aponeurosis? |
Very thin flat sheet of tendon. E.g. abdominal wall. |
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What type of tissue is superficial fascia and what is it for? |
Superficial fascia (also hypodermis) is a type of loose connective tissue made up of areolar tissue and adipose tissue. Provides insulation and padding and lets skin and underlying structures move independently. |
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What are the components of superficial fascia? |
1. Fibroblasts 2. Aqueous matrix 3. Elastin 4. Collagen fibres 5. Fat 6. Immune cells e.g. macrophage |
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What type of tissue is deep fascia and what is it for? |
Dense fascia is dense irregular CT. It covers and ensheaths muscles to help them attach to bones. Also, it provides attachment for intermuscular septa. Also plays important part in venous return in leg. |
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What type of tissue is the retinaculum? |
Retinaculum is deep fascia. |
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What are bursae? |
Closed sacs lined with synovial membrane (that secrets fluid) and filled with synovial fluid. |
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What is the function of bursae? Give examples of bursae. |
Bursae are lubricating devices that allow skin to move easily over bony prominences E.g. synovial sheaths in fingers that surround tendon. prepatellar bursa, subscapular bursa |
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Bursae are usually sealed structures but which ones are exceptions? |
- Prepatellar bursa - Subscapular bursa
They have communication between bursae cavity and synovial joint. |
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What problems can happen at the fascia? |
Fasciitis: inflammation of fascia or compartments enclosed by fascia causing compression on nerves and blood vessels within fascia. |
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What problems can happen at tendons? |
- Tendonitis e.g. Achilles tendon or rotator cuff syndrome Usually due to trauma or overuse
- Tenosynovitis Inflammation of sheath surrounding tendon. |
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What problems can happen at bursae? |
Bursitis - Most common in shoulder, elbow, knee and hip - Caused by injury or repetitive movement |
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What are fascial layers of the neck and what do they surround? |
1. Superficial fascia Surrounds entire neck and lies between dermis and deep cervical fascia.
2. Deep cervical fascia: - Investing layer (surrounds all structures of neck and splits when meeting sternocleidomastoid ant and trapezius post) - Pretracheal layer (surrounds trachea, oesophagus, thyroid and infrahyoid muscles) - Prevertebral layer (surrounds vertebral column and associated muscles)
3. Carotid sheaths Surrounds: - Vagus nerve - Common carotid artery (bifurcates in sheath to internal and external carotid) - IJV - Cervical lymph nodes |
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What is the function of the retinacula? |
They hold tendons in place where they cross the joint during flexion and extension and prevents bow stringing. |
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Where is the fascia lata? |
Deep fascia of thigh |
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What is compartmentation? Does it have advantage or disadvantage? |
Compartmentation is the partition of muscle groups with similar function sharing the same nerve supply. Adv: Localises infection Disadv: Directs spread and increase pressure on surrounding muscles (compartment syndromes) |
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What is an adventitious bursa? Where might it develop? |
Bursa like cyst that forms due to friction. It could develop over the achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus). |
