Motor Learning Exam 1

Front 1

What do motor skills require?

Back 1

Body, head, and or limb movement to achieve its goal

Front 2

What are the 3 skills that motor learning study involves?

Back 2

1. Acquisition of new skills
2. Performance enhancement of well-learned skills
3. Reacquisition of skills following disease

Front 3

What 3 factors influence motor skill learning and performance?

Back 3

1. Person
2. Performance
3. The skill

Front 4

What are one-dimensional classification systems?

Back 4

Identification of skill characteristics that are similar to those of other skills

Front 5

Two categories that represent extreme ends of a continuum are what type of classification system?

Back 5

One-dimensional

Front 6

What are 3 motor skill classifications that use one-dimensional approaches?

Back 6

1. Size of primary muscular region
2. Specificity of where actions begin or end
3. Stability of environmental context

Front 7

Running is an example of what type of motor skill?

Back 7

Gross motor skill

Front 8

Playing videos games is an example of what type of motor skill?

Back 8

Fine motor skill

Front 9

Clicking a pen is an example of what type of motor skill?

Back 9

Discrete motor skill

Front 10

Riding a bike is a example of what type of motor skill?

Back 10

Continuous motor skill

Front 11

What is the combination of discrete and continuous motor skills?

Back 11

Serial motor skill

Front 12

What is an example of a serial motor skill?

Back 12

Shifting gears in a manual transmission car

Front 13

Picking up a pen off a table is what kind of motor skill?

Back 13

Closed motor skill

Front 14

Catching a fish in a river with your hands is an example of what kind of motor skill?

Back 14

Open motor skill

Front 15

What are the 4 characteristics that can describe any motor skill?

Back 15

1. Stationary or in motion
2. Trial to trial
3. Body in same location or transporting from place to place
4. Object manipulation

Front 16

What is a simple reaction time?

Back 16

One signal-One response

Front 17

What is choice reaction time?

Back 17

More than one signal, each signal has a specific response

Front 18

What is discrimination reaction time?

Back 18

More than one signal, only one response

Front 19

A traffic light is an example of what type of reaction type?

Back 19

Choice reaction time

Front 20

A drag racing light is an example of what type of reaction time?

Back 20

Discrimination reaction time

Front 21

A gun shot for a race is what type of reaction time?

Back 21

Simple reaction time

Front 22

What is the quiet interval of time between the onset of stimulus and beginning of activity?

Back 22

Pre-motor time

Front 23

What is the interval of time from the initial increase of muscle activity until the actual limb movement?

Back 23

Motor time

Front 24

Spatial position of a limb or joint over a period of time?

Back 24

Displacement

Front 25

Rate of change in an object position with respect to time?

Back 25

Velocity

Front 26

Displacement

Back 26

Spatial position of climb or joint over a period of time

Front 27

Velocity

Back 27

Rate of change in an object placement with respect to time

Front 28

Change in velocity during movement

Back 28

Acceleration

Front 29

What are the force measurements?

Back 29

Direct and indirect

Front 30

Force as a cause of motion

Back 30

Kinetics

Front 31

What are three measures commonly reported in motor learning and control research?

Back 31

1. EEG
2. PET
3. fMRI

Front 32

What does an EEG do?

Back 32

Electroencephalograph
Measures electrical activity in brain

Front 33

What is a PET?

Back 33

Positron emission topography:
Neuroimaging technique that measures blood flow in the brain

Front 34

What is a fMRI?

Back 34

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
Neuroimaging technique that measures blood flow changes in the brain by detecting blood oxygenation characteristics

Front 35

What re 2 essential issues of motor control?

Back 35

1. Coordination
2. The degree of freedom problem

Front 36

When a looped control system has feedback what type is it?

Back 36

Closed

Front 37

When a looped control system has NO feedback what type is it?

Back 37

Open

Front 38

What is an example of an effector?

Back 38

Muscles

Front 39

Both closed and open loops have what?

Back 39

Central control center aka Executive

Front 40

Driving a car is an example of open or closed loop feedback?

Back 40

Closed

Front 41

A thermostat in a house is an example of open or closed loop feedback?

Back 41

Closed

Front 42

A DVR recorder is an example of a open or closed loop feedback?

Back 42

Open

Front 43

Throwing a basketball is an example of open or closed loop feedback?

Back 43

Open

Front 44

What does GMP stand for?

Back 44

Generalized motor program

Front 45

What is the GMP?

Back 45

A theory of motor control that controls calluses of actions trashier than specific movements of sequences.

Front 46

What is an example of GMP?

Back 46

Signing your name with dominant hand, toes, and teeth.

Front 47

What are invariant feature?

Back 47

Common but unique set of features for the different classes

Front 48

What is the schema theory?

Back 48

A set of rules that serves as the basis for a decision

Front 49

What is an example of a schema theory?

Back 49

Knowing that dogs have four legs and a tail so that is how you distinguish it

Front 50

What is dynamic pattern theory?

Back 50

Multi-disciplinary perspective involving physics, biology, chemistry, and math

Front 51

What is non-linear dynamics?

Back 51

When a behavior changes over a time but happens instantly

Front 52

What is an example of a non-linear behavior?

Back 52

Changing from walking to running with speed

Front 53

What are attractors?

Back 53

The preferred behavioral steady state

Front 54

What is stability?

Back 54

Behavioral steady state of a system- a stable system will return to a steady state again after the table state is slightly disrupted

Front 55

What is an example of a stability?

Back 55

Boiling water occurs at 100 degrees but the stability is disrupted but then reaches a steady state.

Front 56

What is an example of an attractor?

Back 56

At 10 mph the preferred behavioral steady state is running vs walking

Front 57

What are order parameters?

Back 57

Specific movement patterns

Front 58

When running on a treadmill what is the control and what is the order?

Back 58

Control: The speed
Order: Change in gait due to speed

Front 59

What are the control parameters?

Back 59

The variable that is either increased or decreased.

Front 60

What is an example of self-organization?

Back 60

Hurricanes self-organize when certain wind and water temp exist

Front 61

What is self-organization?

Back 61

When a pattern emerges due to certain characteristics

Front 62

How do coordinative structures work?

Back 62

When an action is intending to happen the nerves and muscles cooperate to produce the action

Front 63

What is the general motor ability hypothesis?

Back 63

That if a person is good at one sport they are good at all sports

Front 64

What is the specificity of motor ability hypothesis?

Back 64

That motor abilities are not related to each other and independent.

Front 65

What is static balance?

Back 65

Balance involving staying in one place

Front 66

What is dynamic balance?

Back 66

Balance involving moving around

Front 67

Movement based on external source?

Back 67

External timing

Front 68

Timing of movement based on person;s internal representation of time?

Back 68

Internal timing