Modules 3 And 4 Cram

Front 1

1.) Nature of the learning process

2.) Goals of the learning process

3.) Construction of knowledge

4.) Strategic thinking

5.) Thinking about thinking

6.) Context of learning

Back 1

What are the cognitive and metacognitive factors?

Front 2

1.) Motivational and emotional influences on learning

2.) Intrinsic motivation to learn

3.) Effects of motivation on effort

Back 2

What are the motivational and affective factors?

Front 3

1.) Developmental influences on learning

2.) Social influences on learning

Back 3

What are the developmental and social factors?

Front 4

1.) Individual differences in learning

2.) Learning and diversity

3.) Standards and assessment

Back 4

What are the individual differences factors?

Front 5

1.) The knowledge base

2.) Strategic processing and control

3.) Motivation and affect

4.) Development and Individual Differences

5.) Situation or context

Back 5

Alexander and Murphy gave a summary of the 14 principles and distilled them into five areas, what are these?

Front 6

False

Assessment provides information to both the learner and teacher at all stages of the learning process.

Back 6

Diversity provides information to both the learner and teacher at all stages of the learning process.

Front 7

True

Back 7

Educators need to help students examine their learning preferences and expand or modify them, if necessary.

Front 8

True

Back 8

Individuals learn best when material is appropriate to their developmental level and is presented in an enjoyable and interesting way.

Front 9

False

The rich internal world of thoughts, beliefs, goals and expectations for success or failure can enhance or interfere with the learner’s quality of thinking and information processing.

Back 9

The poor internal world of thoughts, beliefs, goals and expectations for success or failure can enhance or interfere with the learner’s quality of thinking and information processing.

Front 10

True

Back 10

The strategic nature of learning requires students to be goal-directed.

Front 11

D. Situation or context

Back 11

Learning happens in the context of a society as well as within an individual.

A. The knowledge base

B. Motivation and affect

C. Strategic processing and control

D. Situation or context

Front 12

B. The knowledge base

Back 12

One’s existing knowledge serves as the foundation of all future learning.

A. Strategic processing and control

B. The knowledge base

C. Situation or context

D. Development and individual differences

Front 13

C. Motivation and affect

Back 13

Factors such as intrinsic motivation, reasons for wanting to learn, personal goals and enjoyment of learning tasks all have a crucial role in learning process.

A. Situation or context

B. The knowledge base

C. Motivation and affect

D. Strategic processing and control

Front 14

A. Development and individual differences

Back 14

Learning is a unique journey for each person because each learner has his own unique combination of genetic and environmental factors that influence him.

A. Development and individual differences

B. Standard and assessment

C. Learning and diversity

D. Situation or context

Front 15

D. Strategic processing and control

Back 15

Learners can develop skills to reflect and regulate their thoughts and behaviors in order to learn more effectively.

A. Social influence on learning

B. Thinking about Thinking

C. Context of Learning

D. Strategic processing and control

Front 16

Nature of the learning process

Back 16

The learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience.

Front 17

Strategic Thinking

Back 17

The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.

Front 18

Thinking about thinking

Back 18

Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical thinking.

Front 19

Construction of knowledge

Back 19

The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.

Front 20

Context of learning

Back 20

Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including culture, technology, and instructional practices.

Front 21

1.) Oral Stage

2.) Anal Stage

3.) Phallic Stage

4.) Latency Stage

5.) Genital Stage

Back 21

What are the psychosexual stages of development?

Front 22

1.) Microsystem

2.) Mesosystem

3.) Ecosystem

4.) Macrosystem

Back 22

What are the four layers of relationships that influence a child's development?

Front 23

1.) Id

2.) Ego

3.) Superego

Back 23

What are Freud's 3 components of personality?

Front 24

Stage 1. Sensori-motor (0- 2 years) Stage 2. Preoperational (2- 7 years) Stage 3. Concrete Operations (7-11 years) Stage 4. Formal Operations (11& beyond)

Back 24

What are the stages of cognitive development?

Front 25

Assimilation

Back 25

It is a process of fitting a new information into an existing or previously created schema.

Front 26

Schema

Back 26

It is an individual’s way to understand and create meaning about a thing or experience.

Front 27

Equilibration

Back 27

Achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.

Front 28

Accomodation

Back 28

This is the process of creating new schema.

Front 29

Malignancy

Back 29

It involves too little of the positive and too much of the negative aspects of the tasks, such as a person who can’t trust others.

Front 30

Maladaptation

Back 30

Is not quite as bad and involves too much of the positive and too little of the negative such as a person who trusts too much.

Front 31

False

Oedipus Complex means that little boys have a sexual attraction towards their mothers and a sense of jealousy/hatred towards their fathers.

Back 31

Electra Complex means that little boys have a sexual attraction towards their mothers and a sense of jealousy/hatred towards their fathers.

Front 32

True

Back 32

The id operates according to the pleasure principle.

Front 33

False

Infants use sensory and motor capabilities to explore and gain understanding of the environment.

Back 33

Adults use sensory and motor capabilities to explore and gain understanding of the environment.

Front 34

True

Back 34

A child has the ability to think logically but only in terms of concrete objects.

Front 35

True

Back 35

According to Freud, the ego is the rational aspect of personality, responsible for directing and controlling the instincts according to the reality principle.

Front 36

D. Scaffolding

Back 36

Refers to providing support and resources to help a child learn new skills, and then gradually removing the support as the child improves.

A. More knowledgeable other

B. Zone of actual development

C. Macrosystem

D. Scaffolding

Front 37

B. More knowledgeable other

Back 37

It refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner with respect to a particular task, process, or concept.

A. Scaffolding

B. More knowledgeable other

C. Zone of proximal development

D. Assimilation

Front 38

D. Bloom's Taxonomy

Back 38

A hierarchy of learning objectives starting with knowledge and growing in complexity to evaluation.

A. Behaviorism

B. Constructivism

C. Multiple Intelligences

D. Bloom's Taxonomy

Front 39

C. Constructivism

Back 39

Students learn by doing, rather than by being told.

A. Zone of proximal development

B. Schema

C. Constructivism

D. Bloom's Taxonomy

Front 40

A. Jean Piaget

Back 40

He concluded that children were not less intelligent than adults, they simply think differently.

A. Jean Piaget

B. Jerome Brunner

C. Howard Gardner

D. Benjamin Bloom