Mnt 2 - Final - Hiv

Front 1

HIV

Back 1

Human Immunodeficiency Virus -

Virus that targetes host immune cells and turns them into viral factories for HIV reproduction

Front 2

AIDS

Back 2

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome -

Association symptomatic condition rendering the host vulnerable to opportunistic infections, disability and death
(Culminating Sickness)

Front 3

Goals of Nutritional Intervention

Back 3

1. Optimize Nutritional Status
2. Prevent development of specific nutrient deficiencies
3. Prevent loss of weight and lean body mass
4. Maximize the effectiveness of the medical treatment

Front 4

HIV IS A RETROVIRUS

Back 4

HIV IS A RETROVIRUS

Front 5

CD4 cells

Back 5

Helper T cells

become infected and dysfunction alongside macrophages

Front 6

HIV Transmission

Back 6

Blood and body fluid exchange
May be transmitted to baby during pregnancy, at birth or through breastfeeding

Front 7

HIV Main Causes

Back 7

unprotected sex and needle sharing

Front 8

Opportunistic Infections

Back 8

Infections that a healthy immune system can fight off. (ex. Kaposi Sarcoma)

Front 9

Pathiophysiology of HIV infection

Back 9

Flu-like symptoms
Reduction in CD4 counts
Opportunistic Infections
Nutritional decline, wasting

Front 10

Pathophysiology (Continued)

Back 10

Malabsorption leading to malnutrition
Elevated protein turnover rates
Elevated immune system activity
Constant inflammatory condition
Hormonal and nutrient metabolism alternations
Increased Risk of other diseases

Front 11

Diagnosis of Aids

Back 11

CD4+ count of less than 200 cells per microliter

AND/OR

Aids defining illness (Opportunistic Infections)

Front 12

HAART THERAPY

Back 12

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
-Combo of 3 or more drugs from at least 2 classes

-Cannot Cure HIV but keeps it under control
-Strict timing, no skipping

Front 13

GOAL of HAART Therapy

Back 13

controlling viral load and raising CD4

Front 14

Side Effects of HAART

Back 14

N/V, vivid dreams, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, lypodystrophy

Front 15

AIDS-related Wasting Syndrome

Back 15

weight loss of 10% without any known cause WITH fever or diarrhea for more than a month

Front 16

Suggested Criteria for Diagnosis of Wasting in HIV Disease

Back 16

Weight Loss
-10% over 12 months
-7.5% over 6 months
BMI under 20

Front 17

Nutritional Implications
Changes in macro/micro-nutrient status

Back 17

Low serum selenium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, carotene, choline, glutathione, vitamins A, B6, B12, E
Low Folate niacin, carnitine,

Front 18

Nutritional Assessment
Comprehensive Assessment

Back 18

-Weight is evaluated in terms of %UBW
-Can use anthropometric
-Visceral protein labs (albumin, prealb, RBP, Transferin, etc.)

Front 19

Lypodystrophy

Back 19

Lipohypertrophy
-Buffalo Hump
-Breast Hypertrophy
-Abdominal visceral fat accumulation
Lipoatrophy
-loss of subcutaneous fat from cheeks
-Subcutaneous fat depleted from arms, shoulders, thighs and buttocks.

Front 20

Energy Needs for AIDS

Back 20

BEE x 1.3 (for maintenance)
BEE x 1.5 (weight gain)

7% increase for every degree F
13% increase for every degree C

Front 21

Protein Needs for AIDS

Back 21

1 to 1.4 g/kg for maintenance
1.5 to 2.0 for repletion

Front 22

Vitamins / Minerals for AIDS

Back 22

high antioxidants
(Beta carotene, vit E, ascorbic acid, B12, B6, & folic acid)

Front 23

Exercise for AIDS

Back 23

Both aerobic and resistance for at least 3 times/week