Micro Lab Midterm

Front 1

Name the 3 proper names for the groups of Helminth worms

Back 1

Trematodes

Cestodes

Nematodes describe

Front 2

Describe one safety device/feature found in lab

Back 2

Eye wash station

Sharps collector

Biohazard autoclave bag

Front 3

Identify parts of the microscope

Back 3

Ocular lens

Objective lens

Stage clip

Stage

Iris diaphragm

Condenser

Lamp

Base

Arm

Light intensity knob

Fine focus knob

Coarse focus knob

Mechanical stage adjustment knob

Front 4

The vending of light as it passes through the specimen is known as____?

Back 4

Refraction

Front 5

What is the genus specie name for the causative agent of hookworm?

Back 5

Necator americanus

Front 6

Front (Term)

Back 6

Taenia

solium

Front 7

Describe how enterobius vermicularis is transmitted.

Back 7

Oral-fecal transmission from bedding clothing and fingers from scratching

Transmission may also involve eggs being carried on air currents and then inhaled by a susceptible host

Front 8

Give both genus and specie name

Back 8

Schistosoma mansoni

Front 9

What are all 3 types of tapeworm?

Back 9

Taenia saginata- beef

Taenia solium-pork

Taenia pisiformis- dog

Front 10

What is the method of locomotion for the subphylum sarcodina?

Back 10

Pseudopod locomotion

Amoeboid movement

Front 11

What is the method of locomotion. For subphylum mastigophora?

Back 11

Flagellated locomotion

Front 12

What is the locomotion of the phylum ciliophora?

Back 12

Ciliated locomotion

Front 13

What is the locomotion for apicomplexa(contains sporozoans) ?

Back 13

Non motile

Front 14

The ring stage for this plasmodium is?

Back 14

Erythrocytic

Front 15

Trypanosomea brucie is the causative agent of___?

Back 15

African sleeping sickness

Front 16

Which of these two are NON-pathogenic? entamoeba coli or entamoeba histolytica

Back 16

Entamoeba coli

Front 17

Genus specie?

Back 17

Balantidium coli

Front 18

What protozoan life cycle stage is non-motile?

Back 18

Cyst

Front 19

What life cycle stage is motile?

Back 19

Trophozoite

Front 20

Which subphylum of protozoan a contains flagellated organisms?

Back 20

Mastigophora

Front 21

What is the vector for malaria?

Back 21

Mosquito

Front 22

Cyst or Trophozoite

Back 22

Trophozoite

Front 23

When we say that microorganisms are ubiquitous, what does that mean?

Back 23

Found everywhere, appearing, present

Front 24

The branching filamentous cells of mold are known as?

Back 24

Hyphae

Front 25

What is the causative agent for thrush?

Back 25

Candidia albicans

Yeast

Front 26

Is this a yeast or mold?

Back 26

Yeast

Front 27

What type of relationship between living things occurs when both organisms benefit?

Back 27

Mutualism

Front 28

What type of mold produces an antibiotic?

Back 28

Penicillium notatum

Front 29

Front (Term)

Back 29

Aspergillus niger

Front 30

What is an opportunistic pathogen found?

Back 30

Infectious agents which can cause disease in the host because the host is immunologically compromised

-organisms may also infect a site not normally inhabited by the pathogen thus causing disease

Front 31

Front (Term)

Back 31

Sampling of bacterial colony features

Front 32

Define differential media

Back 32

Is used to isolate or identify particular organisms

Front 33

The nutrient agar tubes that were hardened while lying sideways are known as?

Back 33

Slant

Front 34

Undefined growth media has a known composition with the components identifed and measured exactly. True or false.

Back 34

False

Front 35

Transfer of bacterial cells from one place to another without contaminating the original culture is known as ?

Back 35

Aseptic transfer

Front 36

Entamoeba histolytica

Back 36

Sarcodinians

Trophozoite using pseudopods to move

Fecal oral

Sewage disposal and fertilization using human waste "night soil"

Hint 36

Front 37

Balantidium coli

Back 37

Ciliates

Zoonotic in pigs

Cysts from the pigs cause infection

Jump to a human host

Belongs to phylum ciliophora

Front 38

Trichomonas vaginalis

Back 38

2nd most prevalent STD in the US

Have 4 flagella

Belongs to subphylum mastigophora

Front 39

Giardia lamblia

Back 39

Heart shaped Trophozoite

Organelles resemble a face

Fecal oral contamination

Belongs to subphylum mastigophora

Front 40

Trypanosoma brucei

Back 40

Tse tse fly

African sleeping sickness

Fly bites human and releases trypomastigotes into wound

Belongs to subphylum mastigophora

Front 41

Trypanosoma cruzi

Back 41

Kissing bug

Bug bites human and defecates near site. Human rubs it in

Front 42

Leishmania tropica

Back 42

Sand fly

Bites human

Can become disfiguring

Oriental sore

Front 43

Malaria

Back 43

Plasmodium malariae

Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium vivax

Female mosquito

Front 44

Life cycle of a plasmodium

Back 44

Asexual- occurs in human

Sexual- Mosquitos take infected blood to host

Front 45

Toxoplasma gondii

Back 45

Felines

Cats groom themselves and spread fecal oocyts on their body

Phylum apicomplexa nonmotile

Front 46

Cryptosporidium

Back 46

Unclean food and water

Wisconsin outbreak

Front 47

Schistosoma mansoni

Back 47

Cycles between snails and humans in the water supply

-trematode-fluke

Front 48

Clonorchis sinensis

Back 48

Oriental liver fluke

Humans eat undercooked fish

Fluke lodges in the liver

Trematode

Front 49

Define biosafety levels (BSLs)

Back 49

Minimum standards for lab practices, facilities and equipment to be used when handling organisms

Front 50

Name some reducing contamination of self procedures

Back 50

Wipe desktop with bleach

Never lay down cultures on table

Cover any culture spills with paper towel

Place non essential books and papers under desk

When pipetting microbial cultures, place a disinfectants soaked towel on work area

Front 51

Define resilution

Back 51

Clarity of an image

Front 52

Resolving power ( limit of resolution)

Back 52

Actual measurement of how far apart two points must be for the microscope to view them as being separate

Front 53

Define genus, species

Back 53

Genus-generic name

Species-specific

Front 54

3 life cycles of stages of a Helminth

Back 54

Egg, larvae, adult

Front 55

Name 3 Cestodes

Back 55

Taenia saginata

Taenia solium

Taenia pisiformis

Front 56

Name 4 nematodes

Back 56

Ascaris lumbricoides

Enterobius vermicularis

Necator americanus

Trichonella spiralis

Front 57

Front (Term)

Back 57

Taenia pisiformis egg

Taenia solium- scolex

Front 58

Front (Term)

Back 58

Taenia pisiformis -proglottid

Front 59

Front (Term)

Back 59

Enterobius vermicularis

Necator americanus egg

Front 60

Front (Term)

Back 60

Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 61

What is proglottid

Back 61

Segment of a tapeworm containing both male and female reproductive organs

Front 62

Host

Back 62

Organism in which smaller organisms or viruses live feed and reproduce

Front 63

Reservoir

Back 63

Natural habitat or host of a pathogen

Serves as a potential source of infection

Front 64

Commensalism

Back 64

One benefits and the other is unaffected

Front 65

Parasitism

Back 65

One benefits and the other is affected by the relationship

Front 66

Kingdom Fungi

Back 66

Non motile eukaryotes

Cell wall made up of polysaccharide called chitin

Absorptive heterotrophs

Front 67

Saprophytes

Back 67

Harmless fungi that decompose dead organic matter

Front 68

Unicellular yeasts

Back 68

Round or oval shape

Most are asexual reproduction by budding

Front 69

Name 2 yeasts

Back 69

Candida albicans

Saccharomyces cerevisiae-wine beer bread

Front 70

Dimorphic fungi

Back 70

Have both mold and yeast life cycle stages

Front 71

Types of Asexual spores

Back 71

Sporangiophores

Conidiophores

-3 types arthrospores, blastospores, and chlamydospores

Front 72

Types of sexual spores

Back 72

Ascospores

Basidiospores

Zygospores

Front 73

Selective media

Back 73

Favors growth of 1 group of microorganisms and inhibits growth of others

Usually gram positive or negative

Front 74

Differential media

Back 74

Contains an indicator to detect presence or absence of specific metabolic activity usually indicated by color change

Front 75

Mixed and pure cultures

Back 75

Mixed is 2or more

Pure is one

Front 76

Coliform bacteria

Back 76

A rod shape gram negative non spore forming Bacteria which can ferment lactose with production of acid and gas when incubated at 35-37 C

Normally found in large intestine

Found in feces of warm blooded animals

Can be found in aquatic environment

Front 77

All prokaryotes reproduce by

Back 77

Binary fission- a form of sexual reproduction

Front 78

CFU

Back 78

Colony forming unit

General term used to describe the origin of a colony

Front 79

Types of growth media

Back 79

General purpose growth media

Enriched media

Selective media

Differential media

Undefined complex media

Front 80

2 Forms of media

Back 80

Nutrient broth

Nutrient agar

Front 81

Morphology

List whole colonies and margin

Back 81

Colony features

Whole colony-round irregular filamentous rhizoids

Margin-smooth rhizoids irregular lobate and filamentous

Front 82

Stains

Back 82

Solutions consisting of a solvent and a chromogen

H2o or enthanol

Front 83

Chromogen

Back 83

Benzene+chromophore

Colored molecule, not a stain

Front 84

Mycolic acid

Back 84

A waxy substance in a cell wall of acid fast organisms

A higher affinity for the primary stain

Resistance to decolorization by an acid alcohol solution

Front 85

Basic stains

Back 85

Have positive charge

OH

Attracted to negative surfaces

Applied to heat fixed specimens

Crystal violet, methylene blue, carbolfushion, safranin, malachite green

Front 86

Acidic stains

Back 86

Negative staining

H

Repelled by negative charge on specimen

Applied to non heat fixed specimen

Used to bring out capsule of bacteria and yeast

Nigrosin,Indian ink

Front 87

Bacterial morphologies

Back 87

Sphere-cocci,coccus

Rods-bacilli, bacillus

Spirals-spirilla, spirillum

Slightly curved rods-vibrios

Front 88

Bacterial arrangements

Back 88

Diplo-2

Strepto-chains of cells

Tetras-4

Sarcinae-8

Staphylo-irregular grape like clusters

Front 89

Acid fast staining is used to?

Back 89

Identify bacteria with a waxy cell wall content

Mycolic acid

Differentiate between mycobacteria and other types of bacteria

PS-carbolfushion

D-acid alcohol

CS- methylene blue

Acid fast-pink

Non acid fast -blue

Front 90

Capsule stain identifies?

Back 90

Bacteria with a glycocalyx capsule

A negative stain

A differential stain

PS-nigrosin or India ink

CS- basic which stains the cell

Front 91

Bacteria which have capsules

Back 91

Bacillus anthracis

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 92

Endospores stain

Back 92

A differential stain

Detect the presence and location of spores in bacterial cells

Outer covering made of protein

PS-malachite green

D-water

CS-safranin

Front 93

Front (Term)

Back 93

Some Super Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules

Front 94

Gram stain

Back 94

A differential stain which deistinguish between thick and thin peptidoglycan layers

PS-crystal violet

M-iodine

D-ethanol

CS- safranin

Front 95

Front (Term)

Back 95

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 96

Front (Term)

Back 96

Necator americanus

Front 97

Front (Term)

Back 97

Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 98

Front (Term)

Back 98

Giardia lamblia cyst

Front 99

Front (Term)

Back 99

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Brewing yeast

Candida albicans

Front 100

Front (Term)

Back 100

Aspergillus Niger

Black colonies on a plate

Front 101

Front (Term)

Back 101

Aspergillus Niger

Conidiophores

Front 102

Front (Term)

Back 102

Penicillium notatum

Colonies on a plate

Front 103

Front (Term)

Back 103

Penicillium notatum

Conidiophores

Front 104

Front (Term)

Back 104

Basic dyes have positively charged color ion

Front 105

Front (Term)

Back 105

Acidic dyes have negatively charged colored ions

Repelled by the bacterial surface

Front 106

Front (Term)

Back 106

Mycobacterium smegmatis-acid fast +

Enterococcus fascism-non acid fast -

Front 107

Front (Term)

Back 107

Bacillus anthracis- endospores stain-27 hour incubation

Bacillus anthracis -endospores stain-48 hour incubation

Front 108

Front (Term)

Back 108

Clostridium botulinum-endospores stain

Sub terminal, in stained spores