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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
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1. The person
2. The environment |
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The person
[Variables Influencing Individual Behavior] |
Skills and abilities
Personality Perceptions Attitudes Values Ethics |
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The environment
[Variables Influencing Individual Behavior] |
Organization
Work group Job Personal life |
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Behavior
[Propositions of Interactional Psychology] |
function of a continuous, multi-directional interaction between person and situation
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Person
[Propositions of Interactional Psychology] |
active in process
Changed by situations Changes situations People vary in many characteristics |
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Two situational interpretations
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1. The objective situation
2. Person’s subjective view of the situation |
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Personality
[Definition of Personality] |
a relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual’s behavior
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Trait Theory
[1/4 Personality Theories] |
understand individuals by breaking down behavior patterns into observable traits
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Psychodynamic Theory
[2/4 Personality Theories] |
emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior
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Humanistic Theory
[3/4 Personality Theories] |
emphasizes individual growth and improvement
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Integrative Approach
[4/4 Personality Theories] |
describes personality as a composite of an individual’s psychological processes
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Big Five Personality Traits
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Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, Openness to experience
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Extraversion
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Gregarious, assertive, sociable
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Agreeableness
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Cooperative, warm, agreeable
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Conscientiousness
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Hardworking, organized, dependable
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Emotional stability
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Calm, self-confident, cool
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Openness to experience
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Creative, cool, cultured
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Internal Locus of Control
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
I control what
happens to me! |
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External Locus of Control
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
People and circumstances control my fate!
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Self-Efficacy
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
beliefs and expectations about one’s ability to accomplish a specific task effectively
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Sources of self-efficacy
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
Prior experiences and prior success
Behavior models (observing success) Persuasion Assessment of current physical and emotional capabilities |
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Self-Esteem
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
Feelings of Self Worth
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Success tends
to_____ self-esteem [Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
Increase
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Failure tends
to ______ self-esteem [Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
decrease
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Self-Monitoring
Behavior based on cues |
1. High self monitors
2. Low self monitors |
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High self monitors
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flexible: adjust behavior according to the situation and the behavior of others
can appear unpredictable and inconsistent |
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Low self monitors
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
act from internal states rather than from situational cues
show consistency less likely to respond to work group norms or supervisory feedback |
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Who Is Most Likely to Get promoted, Change employers, and make a job-related geographic move?
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High self monitors
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Positive Affect
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
an individual’s tendency to accentuate the positive aspects of oneself, other people, and the world in general
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Negative Affect
[Personality Characteristics in Organizations] |
an individual’s tendency to accentuate the negative aspects of oneself, other people, and the world in general
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A strong
situation can ______ the effects of individual personalities by providing strong cues for appropriate behavior |
Overwhelm
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Strong
personalities will _____ in a weak situation |
dominate
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Projective Test
[1/4 Four Measures of Personality] |
Elicits an individual’s response to abstract stimuli
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Behavioral Measures
[2/4 Four Measures of Personality] |
Personality assessments that involve observing an individual’s behavior in a controlled situation
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Self-Report Questionnaire
[3/4 Four Measures of Personality] |
Assessment involving an individual’s responses to questions
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI)
[4/4 Four Measures of Personality] |
Instrument measuring Jung’s theory of individual differences
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator based on Carl Jung's theories that...
[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator] |
People are fundamentally different
People are fundamentally alike People have preference combinations for extraversion/introversion, perception, judgment |
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Extraversion/Introversion
[MBTI Preferences] |
How one re-engergizes
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Sensing/Intuiting
[MBTI Preferences] |
How one gathers information
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Thinking/Feeling
[MBTI Preferences] |
How one makes decisions
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Judging/Perceiving
[MBTI Preferences] |
How one orients to the outer world
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Uses of MBTI
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Identify learning and teaching styles
Decide on careers (Example: many managers are ESTJs) Determine decision-making style Determine management style Build teams |
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Social
Perception
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1. Perceiver Characteristics
2. Target Characteristics 3. Situational Characteristics |
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Perceiver Characteristics
[Social Perception] |
Familiarity with target
Attitudes/Mood Self-concept Cognitive structure |
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Target Characteristics
[Social Perception] |
Physical appearance
Verbal communication Nonverbal cues Intentions |
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Situational Characteristics
[Social Perception] |
Interaction context
Strength of situational cues |
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Barriers
[Social Perception] |
Selective perception
Stereotyping First-impression error Projection Self-fulfilling prophecies |
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Impression Management
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process by which individuals try to control the impression others have of them
Name dropping Appearance Self-description Flattery Favors Agreement with opinion |
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Attribution Theory
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explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior or that of others
Information cues for attribution information gathering consensus distinctiveness consistency |
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Fundamental Attribution Error
[Attribution Biases] |
tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on someone else’s behavior
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Self-Serving Bias
[Attribution Biases] |
tendency to attribute one’s own successes to internal causes and one’s failures to external causes
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