Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, And Photosynthesis

Front 1

In the absence of oxygen gas, NADH dumps its electrons onto a pyruvate resulting in what molecule?

Back 1

Lactate or lactic acid

Front 2

Plants must have carbon dioxide to make sugar. What is one stage of respiration that releases CO2?

Back 2

Pyruvate Oxidation
or
Citric Acid (Kreb's) Cycle

Front 3

Where do protons get pumped during the Electron Transport Chain of cell respiration?

Back 3

Intermembrane Space

Front 4

A process with the sole purpose of regenerating NAD+ is called...

Back 4

Fermentation

Front 5

The presence of which molecule determines whether pyruvate enters the mitochondrion?

Back 5

Oxygen

Front 6

During pyruvate oxidation what molecule is formed that enters the Citric Acid Cycle?

Back 6

Acetyl-CoA

Front 7

A molecule that gains an electron is said to be...

Back 7

Reduced

Front 8

Cell respiration is the oxidation of glucose. Those electrons will eventually end up as a part of what molecule?

Back 8

Water

Front 9

Some plants prevent photorespiration by storing Carbon dioxide in a separate sell. These plants are..

Back 9

C4 plants

Front 10

Molecules that absorb light energy are called...

Back 10

Pigments

Front 11

What main color of light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?

Back 11

Green

Front 12

Photosystem II produces what?

Back 12

ATP

Front 13

Light energy from photons is channeled to a specific region of the photosystems containing two chlorophyll molecules called...

Back 13

Reaction center

Front 14

The molecules that carry electrons during photosynthesis in their oxidized state are called...

Back 14

NADP+

Front 15

Plants have the organelles involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Name both.

Back 15

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts

Front 16

The stage of photosynthesis that does not require light takes place where?

Back 16

Stroma

Front 17

The stomata of these plants remains closed during the day and opens at night to take in CO2

Back 17

CAM

Front 18

Carbon Fixation occurs via an enzyme called..

Back 18

Rubisco

Front 19

How many carbon dioxides need to enter the Calvin Cycle to make one glucose?

Back 19

6

Front 20

Chlorophyll a absorbs light at 430nm and 670nm. Where does it get more energy?

Back 20

430nm

Front 21

Cyclic electron flow occurs in photosystem I and produces only...

Back 21

ATP

Front 22

The electrons that end up on NADPH during the light reactions originally come from...

Back 22

Water

Front 23

The two byproducts of cell respiration are the same as the reactants of photosynthesis. Name them.

Back 23

CO2 and H20

Carbon dioxide and Water

Front 24

Building a protein is what type of metabolism?

Back 24

Anabolism

Front 25

Breaking the peptide bonds between amino acids
would be what type of metabolism?

Back 25

Catabolism

Front 26

What happens to an enzyme when the temperature
gets raised too high?

Back 26

Denatures

Front 27

Spontaneous reactions release energy. This type of reaction is...

Back 27

Exergonic

Front 28

State the first law of thermodynamics

Back 28

Energy cannot be created or destroyed
or Energy is constant

Front 29

The second law of thermodynamics usually
presents itself in the form of…

Back 29

Heat

Front 30

What kind of molecule overcomes the activation
energy needed for a reaction to occur?

Back 30

Enzyme

Front 31

A skittle represents what kind of energy?

Back 31

Potential

Front 32

The type of work that involves breaking or forming bonds is...

Back 32

Chemical

Front 33

Free energy is potential energy. If the reactants of
a reaction have more free energy than the products
is energy released or consumed?

Back 33

Released

Front 34

ATP is most similar to which group of
macromolecules?

Back 34

Nucleic Acids

Front 35

When the energy of ATP is consumed it results in a molecule of...

Back 35

ADP

Front 36

Enzymes act upon a substrate in a specific region called the...

Back 36

Active Site

Front 37

Sometimes enzymes will not function properly
without the addition of a second molecule called..

Back 37

Coenzyme, Cofactor, Prosthetic Group

Front 38

Enzymes change shape to better fit their substrate.
This process is known as

Back 38

Induced Fit

Front 39

Where does glycolysis occur?

Back 39

Cytoplasm

Front 40

How much ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation during respiration?

Back 40

4 ATP

Front 41

During respiration all of the carbon in glucose will end up as...

Back 41

Carbon dioxide

Front 42

The inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane are called...

Back 42

Cristae

Front 43

A proton motive force is generated during which stage of respiration?

Back 43

Oxidative phosphorylation or Electron Transport Chain

Front 44

The product of glycolysis that has the most remaining potential energy is...

Back 44

Pyruvate

Front 45

In Glycolysis, how many net ATP are produced?

Back 45

There is a net of 2 ATP produced. Four are produced but two are consumed to initiate the process.

Front 46

What a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes..

Back 46

Oxidized

Front 47

When a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes...

Back 47

Reduced

Front 48

In glycolysis, what is the compound that will have its electrons taken from it (donates the electrons)

Back 48

Glucose

Front 49

What is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in Glycolysis?

Back 49

NAD+

Front 50

Once NAD+ (electron acceptor) gains electrons, it is reduced to a compound called...

Back 50

NADH

Front 51

After glycolysis, where is pyruvate oxidized? What happens if oxygen is not present?

Back 51

Oxygen present: Mitochondrial Matrix

If oxygen isn't present: pyruvate will be fermented and will remain in the cytoplasm.

Front 52

In an organism that uses aerobic cellular respiration, what is the 'final electron acceptor' that collects electrons after passing through the electron transport chain (ETC)?

Back 52

Oxygen

Front 53

If one molecule of glucose is oxidized in glycolysis, how many times will the Citric Acid Cycle go around?

Back 53

2

Front 54

The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme?

Back 54

Acetyl CoA

Front 55

A catabolic pathway for organic molecules, using oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP. This is the most efficient catabolic pathway and is carried out in most eukaryotic cells and many prokaryotic organisms.

Back 55

Aerobic Respiration

Front 56

The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP.

Back 56

Cellular Respiration

Front 57

An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP, is called what?

Back 57

chemiosmosis

Front 58

The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.

Back 58

Calvin Cycle

Front 59

A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or O2.

Back 59

cyclic electron flow

Front 60

A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output. Photorespiration generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata close and the O2/CO2 ratio in the leaf increases, favoring the binding of O2 rather than CO2 by rubisco.

Back 60

photorespiration