Magruder's American Government Final Exam Review

Front 1

federalism

Back 1

Describes the fact that some powers are delegated (federal) while others are reserved (states)

Front 2

Marbury v. Madison

Back 2

established the Supreme Court's power of JUDICIAL REVIEW

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popular sovereignty

Back 3

The words "We the people" in the Preamble establish the Constitution's authority on the basis of this

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the people

Back 4

According to the doctrine of popular sovereignty, supreme power rests with these

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divine right theory

Back 5

Social contract theory was developed during the Enlightenment as a reaction against this idea

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social contract theory

Back 6

According to this theory, the state exists to serve the will of the people.

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John Locke

Back 7

Philosopher most closely associated with American ideas about social contract theory of government

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personal income tax

Back 8

Most of the federal government's revenue comes from this

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free enterprise

Back 9

Private ownership, competition, and profit are key elements of this

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the Bill of Rights

Back 10

Its purpose is to guarantee the rights of individuals

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separation of powers

Back 11

Describes the fact that power is spread over three distinct branches of government

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checks and balances

Back 12

When the president vetos an act of congress, he/she engages does this to the legislative branch.

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right to privacy

Back 13

right which not explicitly protected in the Constitution's Bill of Rights

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the Great Compromise, AKA: the Connecticut Compromise

Back 14

decided the question of how large and small states would be represented in Congress

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free press

Back 15

When Jefferson said he'd prefer to have newspapers without government rather than the reverse, he was emphasizing that a _________ is vital to a healthy republican democracy.

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dissent

Back 16

In Federalist #10, James Madison argues that political division and ____ are normal and to be expected in democracies.

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division of power

Back 17

Federalism is the term which described the _______ between the central (national or federal) government and the states.

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concurrent power

Back 18

The power to collect taxes, which can be exercised by both state and federal governments, is an example of this type of power.

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Federalists and Anti-federalists

Back 19

The American two-party system evolved mainly out of conflicts between the _____ & _____ over the ratification of the Constitution.

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people and ideas

Back 20

The biggest contribution of third parties to our system is the fact that they include _____ and ____ which are being ignored by the major parties, forcing them to involve and co-opt them

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two

Back 21

number of senators from each state

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17th Amendment

Back 22

provided for popular election of senators, extending the idea of popular sovereignty to the U.S. Senate

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the House of Representatives

Back 23

members are apportioned to the States on the basis of population every 10 years after the census

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the States

Back 24

have powers reserved to them by the 10th Amendment

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bicameralism

Back 25

the Congress is structured this way to allow fair representation to both small and large states

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loose construction

Back 26

Teddy Roosevelt's advocacy of a vigorous and assertive executive who exercises broad powers not specifically denied by the Constitution is an example of this kind of interpretation of the Constitution.

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question

Back 27

For democracy to work, citizens must think for themselves and ____ information presented in the media.

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the House of Representatives

Back 28

has exclusive power to impeach the president or federal judges

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the Senate

Back 29

has the power to try impeached officials

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bankruptcy

Back 30

The Constitution gives Congress power over this to establish uniform procedures for dealing with insolvent debtors.

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Declare war and fund and oversee the military

Back 31

Congressional war powers

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full congresssional committee

Back 32

Bills are reported out from subcommittees to the _________.

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floor of the chamber

Back 33

Bills are reported out from the full congressional committee to the ______.

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the other house of Congress

Back 34

Bills passed by one house become an act of that house and are then sent to

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standing committees of Congress

Back 35

created to divide the congressional workload and to allow for specialization

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filibuster

Back 36

used by Senate minority to prevent action on a bill

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veto

Back 37

If the president wants to prevent an Act of Congress from becoming law, he/she can do this.

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pocket veto

Back 38

how a bill fails if the president leaves a bill on his desk ten days and congress adjourns

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becomes a law without the president's signature

Back 39

It's what happens to a bill that sits on the president's desk for ten days while Congress is still in session

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12th Amendment

Back 40

added to the Constitution to clean up problems in the presidential election process after the debacle which occurred in the presidential election of 1800

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more electoral votes

Back 41

Why a presidential candidate might choose to spend more time campaigning in NY, CA, TX, or FL than in WY, RI, or Alaska

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2/3 vote in each house

Back 42

required for Congress to propose a Constitutional amendment

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the oath of office and the Constitution

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give the president power to execute federal statutes and to defend the Constitution

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the Monroe Doctrine

Back 44

Its application in Latin America was an early step which the United States took toward becoming a major world power.

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checks and balances

Back 45

If men were angels, we wouldn't need government, but --according to the Federalist Papers -- since men who govern are not angels, it's not enough to separate powers over three branches of government. You've got to build in _______, as well, to keep one branch from overpowering another.

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the Electoral College system

Back 46

It's complex and largely misunderstood by the American public.

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1st Amendment rights

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freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition

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5th Amendment

Back 48

guarantees the right against self-incrimination

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Miranda v. Arizona

Back 49

Case which established that your confession can't be used unless you were read your rights

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voting

Back 50

the most common form of political participation

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symbolic speech

Back 51

The Supreme Court has ruled that the Constitution protects including _______, like wearing an armband or burning an American flag.

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Texas v. Johnson

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case in which SCOTUS ruled that flag burning is a symbolic form of protected political speed

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either state or federal court

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where a case may be tried in the dual court system if jurisdiction is CONCURRENT

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appointed by president & confirmed by Senate

Back 54

how one becomes a federal judge or a federal prosecutor

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dissenting opinion

Back 55

An opinion which disagrees with the majority holding and explains why

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1st Amendment's Establishment Clause

Back 56

Guarantees that the U.S. government cannot set up a national church and make you join or pay

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protest

Back 57

Your right to march in _________ against government action or inaction and/or carry signs criticizing a Supreme Court ruling is protected by the 1st Amendment.

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14th Amendment's Due Process Clause

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Guarantees no state can deny you basic rights and must follow established legal procedures

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the family

Back 59

The most important agent of political socialization

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parties to the case and case subject matter

Back 60

Federal court jurisdiction depends upon these

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prayer

Back 61

In Engle v. Vitale, SCOTUS ruled that the state cannot sponsor or require this

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Roe v. Wade

Back 62

The controversial abortion case which is based on a constitutional right to privacy

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the 2nd Amendment

Back 63

Because states need a "well-regulated militia," it guarantees the right to bear arms.

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the G.I. Bill

Back 64

It contributed substantially to the growth of a large American middle class.

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the 6th Amendment

Back 65

It guarantees you the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to counsel

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a poll tax

Back 66

You can NOT be required to pay this in order to vote in the United States.

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the Civil Rights Act of 1964

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It prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and hiring.

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the 5th and 14th Amendments

Back 68

The Constitution's two Due Process clauses are found in these

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a "clear and present danger"

Back 69

In Shenck v. U.S., SCOTUS ruled that shouting "Fire!" when there is none in a crowded theater presents this, and is, thus, NOT protected speech.

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reserved to the states

Back 70

Most police powers which involve public safety -- like requiring child protective seats or the use of seat belts -- falls under the 10th Amendment and is _____________.

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accountable

Back 71

The argument for election of state judges is that election makes them more ______ to the people.

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independence

Back 72

The argument against election of state judges is that it interferes with judicial ______ by involving them in politics.

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executive orders and actions of executive agencies

Back 73

In addition to state and congressional statutes, these fall under judicial review and can be declared unconstitutional by the courts.