M1 Block 4 Renal Histo

Front 1

What part of the kidney stains the most intensely with eosin?

Back 1

cortex

Front 2

What makes up the nephron?

Back 2

renal corpuscle, PCT, LOH, DCT

Front 3

Draw a nephron:

Back 3

Front 4

What makes up a renal corpuscle?

Back 4

glomerulus + bowman's capsule

Front 5

Describe the visceral membrane of the bowman's capsule:

Back 5

podocytes with primary and secondary processes (pedicles) that wrap around glomerular capillaries

Front 6

What is a renal lobe?

Back 6

A renal pyramid + associated cortex

Front 7

What makes up the parietal layer of bowman's capsule?

Back 7

simple squamous epithelium

Front 8

What are the two poles of the renal corpuscle?

Back 8

urinary and vascular pole

Front 9

What is the major structure associated with the renal corpuscle?

Back 9

macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, juxtaglomerular cells

Front 10

What kind of cell type are juxtaglomerular cells?

Back 10

modified smooth muscle

Front 11

What do juxtaglomerular cells do?

Back 11

secrete renin

Front 12

Back 12

1- DCT
2- macula densa
3- mesangium
4- podocyte
5- glomerular capillary
6- urinary space

Front 13

What are the 3 major secretions of mesangial cells?

Back 13

ECM, cytokines, prostaglandins

Front 14

How do you differentiate the urinary space from the capillary space?

Back 14

podocyte foot processes will be on the urinary space side

Front 15

How to identify juxtaglomerular region?

Back 15

columnar epithelia with packed nuclei

Front 16

How does epithelia change from Bowman's capsule to PCT?

Back 16

simple squamous to cuboidal with a well-developed brush border

Front 17

What is a filtration slit?

Back 17

The thin space b/w two secondary processes on a podocyte

Front 18

How does the podocyte-endothelial cell junction regulate filtration?

Back 18

heparan sulfate to repel anions

Front 19

How do pedicels interact with each other?

Back 19

Nephron

Front 20

What molecules can get through the glomerular filtration?

Back 20

< 3.5 nm and positive/neutral charge

Front 21

What anchors Nephrons to pedicels?

Back 21

CD2AP

Front 22

Nephron deficiency is what disease?

Back 22

Congenital nephrotic syndrome

Front 23

What holds pedicels in the basal lamina?

Back 23

integrin

Front 24

What do mesangial cells do?

Back 24

- contract up angioII stimulation to limit glomerular flow
- structural support for the glomeruli
- ECM
- phagocytosis
- produce cytokines and prostaglandins

Front 25

How do the abundant mitochondria and membrane infoldings affect the staining?

Back 25

acidophilic/eosinophilic

Front 26

What is found in abundance on the basolateral side of the PCT cells?

Back 26

Na K ATPase

Front 27

What is the purpose of the LOH?

Back 27

To make hypertonic urine

Front 28

What does the DCT interact with?

Back 28

@ the original glomerulus it interacts with the juxtaglomerular apparatus, especially the macula densa

Front 29

Back 29

1- PCT
2- DCT
3- PCT

Front 30

How do you differentiate PCT/DCT cells?

Back 30

PCTs have abundant lysosomes
PCTs have microvilli

Front 31

What does renin do?

Back 31

Cleaves the plasma protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (ACE converts ang I to ang II)

Front 32

What do collecting duct cells look like?

Back 32

dome-like, no apical membrane structures

Front 33

How wide can collecting ducts become?

Back 33

from 40 to 200 microns as you move down towards the medullary pyramid tip

Front 34

What are the two cell types in the collecting duct?

Back 34

principal cell
intercalated cell

Front 35

What do intercalated cells do?

Back 35

secrete H or bicarb
absorb K
dark

Front 36

What do principal cells do?

Back 36

Na regulation (aldosterone)
secrete K
light

Front 37

Describe the branching pattern of renal A:

Back 37

renal A -> ant/post interlobar -> arcuate -> interlobular -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole

Front 38

Where are interlobar A?

Back 38

inb/w renal pyramids

Front 39

What is important to know about interlobular A?

Back 39

They form the boundary of renal lobules which have a medullary ray and cortical labyrinth

Front 40

Back 40

1- interlobular
2- arcuate
3- interlobar
4- afferent
5- glomerulus
6- efferent

Front 41

Back 41

1- stellate V
2- peritubular capillary network
3- vasa recta
4- interlobular V
5- arcuate V
6- interlobar V

Front 42

What differentiates the two types of nephrons?

Back 42

Cortical nephrons have a renal corpuscle near the surface of the cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons have their renal corpuscle near the cortex-medulla interface. The JM nephrons produce a higher concentrated urine.

Front 43

Back 43

1- thin limbs
2- vasa rectae
3- collecting duct
4- interstitial cells

Front 44

What cells do the muscularis walls of the bladder develop from?

Back 44

adjacent splanchnic mesenchyme

Front 45

Back 45

1- mucosa
2- vessels and nerves
3- muscularis
4- adventitia

Front 46

What happens when the uroepithelium becomes full?

Back 46

The epithelia changes from columnar-like to stratified squamous and an apical plaque of cytoskeleton forms to prevent permeation.

Front 47

Back 47

arcuate vessel

Front 48

blue arrows

Back 48

medullary rays

Front 49

black

Back 49

interlobular A

Front 50

Back 50

macula densa

Front 51

red dot

Back 51

proximal tubule

Front 52

black

Back 52

distal convoluted tubule

Front 53

Back 53

1- TAL
2- TDL

Front 54

Back 54

thin loop of henle

Front 55

Back 55

collecting duct

Front 56

Back 56

afferent arteriole

Front 57

Back 57

vasa recta

Front 58

Back 58

collecting tubules

Front 59

Back 59

LOH

Front 60

Back 60

1- muscularis
2- mucosa
3- adventitia

Front 61

what is this?

Back 61

ureter
1- epithelium
2- inner longitudinal muscularis
3- outer circular muscrularis
4- CT

Front 62

Back 62

1- mucosa
2- muscularis
3- serosa

Front 63

Back 63

1- zona glomerulosa
2- zona fasciculata
3- zona reticularis
4- medulla

Front 64

Back 64

1- mucosa
2- muscularis mucosa
3- submucosa
4- artifact space
5- muscularis externa
6- adventitia
7- submucosal gland

Front 65

Back 65

submucosal gland

Front 66

Back 66

Auerbach's plexus

Front 67

What level of esophagus is this?

Back 67

lower 1/3 (smooth muscle)

Front 68

Where are renal corpuscles found?

Back 68

renal cortex

Front 69

What makes up medullary rays?

Back 69

medulla segments of collecting tubules that penetrate the cortical space

Front 70

What kind of cells line the collecting tubules?

Back 70

dome-shaped columnar epithelium

Front 71

What is unique about bladder epithelium?

Back 71

Transitional epithelium can expand upon filling

Front 72

What 3 layers make up the urinary bladder?

Back 72

urothelium/mucosa
3-layered muscularis
adventitia except over fundus/dome of bladder

Front 73

What is protective on the urothelium?

Back 73

plaque aggregates from intramembranous proteins that are mobilized

Front 74

What kind of cell?

Back 74

facet cell

Front 75

What kind of endothelium lines the glomerulus?

Back 75

discontinuous capillary

Front 76

What fluid makes up the urinary space in this diagram?

Back 76

urine

Front 77

What tubule?

Back 77

PCT

Front 78

What tubule?

Back 78

DCT

Front 79

What tubule?

Back 79

LOH

Front 80

What tubule?

Back 80

collecting duct