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255 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 historical events, including dates, that could be used to mark the end of the Cold War? |
Communism ended in the Soviet Union in 1991; Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and the Berlin Wall was dismantled in 1989 |
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Describe the policy of containment |
Committed the U.S. to restrict communism to the places it already existed |
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Who were the primary antagonists during the Cold War? |
The U.S. and the Soviet Union |
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The Soviet Union set up governments in |
Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechslovakia |
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How did the U.S. expect to get the Soviets out of eastern Europe after the war? |
They wanted to use their influences from their time being on the same side during the world wars to ask them to withdraw from Europe peacefully |
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What 2 nations set up their own Communist governments after World War II? |
Yugoslavia and Albania |
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Does the UN have its own army to enforce its decisions? |
No |
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Can the Soviets veto any UN resolution? |
Yes |
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Does the General Assembly have oversight of territories under UN protection? |
No |
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Is the Secretary-General a figurehead? |
No |
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Is the Security Council responsible for keeping peace in the world? |
Yes |
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of the United Nations? |
They provided forum for discussion and occasional action when needed, which is a strength. A weakness is that it didn't have any enforcement power to back its decisions |
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The U.S. feared that Communist China would ally itself with _________ |
The Soviet Union |
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The first defensive alliance the U.S. ever entered into was _______ |
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) |
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What does NATO stand for? |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
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The U.S. gave substantial aid to Europe after World War II under the __________ |
Marshall Plan |
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The 2 parties in China's civil war were ________ and ________ |
Communists and nationalists |
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_________ was the victorious Chinese leader in 1949 |
Mao Zedong |
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Why did China fall to the Communists? |
The Communists had control of North China. The Nationalists didn't receive much American aid |
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Why was Douglas MacArthur fired as commander of the armed forces in Korea? |
He wanted to attack China and he started to work against the President |
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What 2 things happened in 1949 that were victories for Communism? |
China fell to Communists and the Soviet Union exploded the first atomic bomb |
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Why was there a good reason to fear a war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union? |
Because they could bring nuclear power into the war and destroy the world |
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How did the United States respond to the Berlin Blockade? |
They organized an airlift to get supplies to their side |
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What issue stalled the peace talks to end the Korean War? |
The repatriation of prisoners of war. The prisoners didn't all want to return to their homeland and the Communists wanted to force them, but the U.S. refused to agree to that |
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What did the Korean War accomplish? |
Containing communism |
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What was MacArthur's strategy to break out of the Pusan Perimeter, and how did it work? |
He sent troops to land halfway up the peninsula at Inchon. They liberated the capital and then began to drive up into North Korea. They lost but later retook Seoul, the capital |
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The ____________ was one of the defining features of the Cold War |
Nuclear arms race |
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Korea was a _____ war |
limited |
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What ruined the American-Soviet thaw of 1959? |
An American U-2 spy plane being shot down and the Soviets discovering that the U.S. had been spying on them |
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What nations attacked Egypt in 1956 to recover the Suez-Canal? |
Israel, France, and Britain |
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Why was the Berlin Wall put up? |
Because the Soviets didn't want the people in East Germany escaping into West Germany |
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What happened at the Bay of Pigs in 1961? |
The exiles organized an invasion of their homeland to overthrow Castro dictatorship |
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Why did the U.S. blockade Cuba in 1962? |
The U.S. was going to have nuclear missiles aimed at them so they blockaded Cuba to stop the missiles from being delivered |
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What triggered the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956? |
Nagy, the premier, formed an anti-communist government |
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Sputnik |
world's first man-made satellite |
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Nasser |
seized the Suez Canal |
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Khrushchev |
a more cautious Soviet leader |
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Ordered the blockade of Cuba |
Kennedy |
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Castro |
made Cuba communist |
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Viet Cong
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South Vietnamese Communists
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Ho Chi Minh
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Vietnamese Communist leader
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Vietminh
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North Vietnamese Communists
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Nixon
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began policy of Vietnamization
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Johnson
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asked Congress to support wider American involvement
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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corrupt South Vietnamese leader
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Vietnam, like Korea, was a ____ war
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limited
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The __________ was passed by Congress in 1964 and allowed the president to expand American involvement in Vietnam
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Saigon was renamed _______ after the fall of South Vietnam
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Ho Chi Minh City
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______ refused to send aid to South Vietnam as it was invaded in 1975
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Congress
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The ________ was a well-coordinated, large-scale Viet Cong attack that began during the Vietnamese New Year celebration
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Tet Offensive
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What was Solidarity?
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First free trade union in a communist country
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What was the Prague Spring and how did it end?
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It was a series of reforms led by Alexander Dubcek. Soviet troops invaded and the reforms were reversed
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What were the positive and negative results of the American overtures toward China in the early 1970s?
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The positive thing was that it opened the door to a previously closed nation. The negative thing was that it led to the recognition of the People's Republic of China and left Taiwan feeling unrecognized
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Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?
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because a pro-Soviet faction faction had taken control of the Afghan government
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How did the United States react to the Afghan invasion?
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They halted grain sales to the Soviets and supported the Rebels. They also refused to participate in the Olympics
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What is Detente?
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The period of thaw in the Cold War
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How did the Communists stop Solidarity?
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They arrested the leaders and outlawed the organization
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What was SALT and what did it accomplish?
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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. They discussed cuts in the nuclear arms race between the 2 major nations
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Gorbachev's 2 key reforms were
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glasnost and perestroika
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________ led the transition government in Czechslovakia
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Vaclav Havel
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The dictator of _____ was executed after a rebellion by the army
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Bulgeria
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______ split into 5 nations after the fall of Communism
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Yugoslavia
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The event that marks the end of Communism in Eastern Europe was the destruction of the ____
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Berlin Wall
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East Germany opened its borders with the West because so many of its people were
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leaving
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Gorbachev was the youngest member of the _____ when he was chosen to lead the Soviet Union
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Politburo
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_____ was the elected president of Russia who lead the resistance to the Communist coup in 1991
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Boris Yeltsin
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The Communist coup attempt collapsed in ___ days
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3
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What are the problems that face the countries of the former Soviet Union?
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They don't really know how to run a business, there are rising crime rates, and widespread unemployment
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_____ was thrown out of the Politburo in 1987 for advocating rapid reforms
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Boris Yeltsin
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Why did the coup attempt by the Communists fall in 1991?
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Because thousands of people supported Yeltsin against the coup
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Eleven of the original fifteen republics of the Soviet Union formed the _______ in 1991
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Joseph Stalin
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Soviet leader, began the Cold War
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Mao Zedong
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Chinese Communist leader
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Fidel Castro
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Cuban Communist leader
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Ho Chi Minh
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Vietnamese Communist leader
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Lech Walesa
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leader of Solidarity
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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last president of the U.S.S.R.
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Douglas MacArthur
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Korean War military commander
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Gamal Abdel Nasser
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Egyptian president
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John F. Kennedy
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American president during the Cuban Missile Crisis
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Harry Truman
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American president who formulated containment policy
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U.S. trained Cuban exiles tried to invade Cuba at the ____
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Bay of Pigs
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The first satellite ever launched into earth's orbit was the Soviet
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Sputnik
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All countries in the United Nations are represented in the
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General Assembly
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The Cold War "thaw" of the 1970s was called
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detente
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The military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellites was called
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the Warsaw Pact
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The UN _____ is responsible for world peace and has 5 permanent members who have a veto over decisions
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Security Council
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The _______________ gave the president extensive authority to increase American involvement in the Vietnam War
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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The first free trade union in a Communist country was
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Solidarity
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The initial invasion by the North Koreans in 1950 drove the Allied troops back to ___
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The Pusan Perimeter
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___________ was a series of agreements between the superpowers to reduce the number of nuclear weapons each held
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SALT
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The most infamous symbol of the Cold War was the ___ which divided the German capital
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Berlin Wall
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The U.S. gave billions of dollars to rebuilt post-World War II Europe under the ____ to prevent Communism from growing there
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Marshall plan
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The U.S. blockaded CUba to prevent nuclear weapons from being installed there during the
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Soviets cut off access to Berlin by land during the ____; so the city was supplied buy air for almost a year
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Berlin Blockade
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The Western democracies formed a mutual defense alliance called ____ after World War II to face the growing Soviet threat
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NATO
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In which country did the Communists drive out the Nationalists, who took refuge on the island of Taiwan?
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China
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In which country was the Prague Spring of 1968 was crushed by the Warsaw Pact?
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Czechoslovakia
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In which country was a U-2 spy plane from the u.s. shot down in 1960?
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Soviet Union
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In which country were the Communists never able to take full control of the country due to American-backed Muslim rebels?
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Afghanistan
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In which country did the Catholic Church give strength to the founders of Solidarity?
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Poland
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Describe the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe
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Mikhail Gorbachev, the last president of the Soviet Union, was a peaceful leader. He began 2 key reforms that led to the downfall of communism in Eastern Europe; Glasnost and Perestroika. He didn't force people to support Communism. With the loosening of the strict hold the Soviets had on their Communist nations, people began to revolt and rebel, seeing this time as their chance for freedom. The people in East Germany fled to West Germany. The people in Berlin had had enough, being reminded that they were controlled every day they saw "The wall of shame". They destroyed the Berlin Wall, and this act symbolized the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe at last
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North and South America are connected by the
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Isthmus of Panama
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The tallest mountain in North America is
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Mount Mckinley
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The names of the Great lakes are
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Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Superior
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Central America (is/ is not) ___ part of North America
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is
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The most extensive river system of the central plains is the ____ River and its tributaries
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Mississippi
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The mountain ridge along the North America's west coast is called the ____ north of Mexico and the ____ from Mexico to the south
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Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre mountains
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The only remaining superpower in the world is
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the united states
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the dominant political party in Mexico is rhe
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Institutional Revolutionary Party
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Elizabeth II of Britain is the head of state in
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Canada
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The proper name of Greenland is
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Kalaallit Nanaat
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The U.S. has run a budget ___ every year since 1969
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deficit
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It is the goal of ____ to create a free trade zone between the nations of Mexico, the U.S. and Canada
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NAFTA
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El Salvador
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U.S. aided military junta
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Belize
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British colony until 1981
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Haiti
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world's oldest black republic
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Trinidad and Tobago
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oil-producing democracy
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Puerto Rico
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self-governing territory of the U.S.
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Grenada
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invaded by the U.S. in 1983
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Nicaragua
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the Sandinistas vs. the Contras
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Jamaica
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a parliamentary democracy since independence in 1962
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Describe Cuba during the Cold War
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It was one of the most aggressive Communist nations during the Cold War
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What did/did not change in Cuba as a result of the fall of the Soviet Union?
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Cuba's economy was severely damaged by the fall of the Soviet Union because they needed subsidies from them. People were allowed to leave in 1994. Nothing really stayed the same
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What struggles has the country of Haiti faced and continues to face?
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Trying to be ruled democratically
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Why was it sometimes morally difficult for the U.S. to support anti-Communist governments in Central America?
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Because the governments were often unstable and unfair. Plus, it would often cost a lot to support them.
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The ___ Mountains run along South America's west coast
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Andes
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The world's second largest river with the largest drainage basin on earth is the ___
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Amazon river
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The primary language of South America is
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Spanish
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The tallest waterfall in the world is ___ in Venezuela
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Angel Falls
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South America is the ___ largest continent
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4th
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Salvador Allende Gossens
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Chile
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OPEC
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Venezuela
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Juan Peron
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Argentina
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La Violencia
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Colombia
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Indian immigrant problems
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Suriname
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Alfredo Stroessner
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Paraguay
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Shining Path
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Peru
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South American Industrial leader
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Brazil
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During the Cold War, what was a "Western European nation"?
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Any nation that was sided with the United States and its allies
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The Alps are located within which nations?
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Southeastern France, Switzerland, Northern Italy, Austria, Southern Germany, and Slovenia
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Why does Europe have mild weather?
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Because of the warming influence of the oceans on 3 sides of it
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Describe the course of the Danube River
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Begins in Germany, flows into Austria, continues through Budapest, Hungary, into Croatia, Jugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, and forms border between Romania and Ukraine as it empties into Black Sea
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Describe the eastern border of Europe
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The Ural mountains , Ural river, and Caspian sea form the Eastern border
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What is Europe's tallest mountian, and where is it located?
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Mount Elbrus and Caucasus Mountains of Russia
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What is the longest river in Europe and where is it located?
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Volga and through russia into Caspian sea
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What is the common characteristic of Switzerland, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Sweden?
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They are not part of the European Union
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Name the 8 nations of Western Europe that still have a constitutional monarchy
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Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxenbourg, Netherlands, Norway, SPain, Sweden, and the U.K.
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All European Union citizens have the right to ______ in any member nation
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vote, live and work
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What is the current problem with the social welfare systems in Europe?
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It is very expensive and requires high taxes
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Name the predecessor organizations of the European Union and the year each was formed |
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 1951; European Economic Community (EEC) 1957; European Atomic Energy Community (Euroatom) 1957; European Community (EC) 1967 |
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Western European nations generally are (economically and politically) |
Capitalist democracies |
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Name the European nations that were part of the former Soviet Union |
Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Slovenia, and Ukraine |
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Name the nations of eastern Europe that are not new countries |
Albania, Hungary, Poland, Romania |
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What are some of the problems facing the economies of the former Communist nations? |
The people are used to being provided for no matter how poor they are, so they don't know how to make decisions, start businesses, or creatively solve problems. Other countries won't buy their products |
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What are the ethnic groups that have fought each other in the area that was Communist Yugoslavia? |
Serbs, Croats, and Muslims |
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How did the Czechs and Slovaks settle their ethnic difficulties? |
They separated peacefully into Slovakia and the Czech Republic
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Name some of the political problems facing the former Communist nations
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Unstable political systems, no tradition of democratic governments being voted in and out, corruption is widespread, and those who achieve power expect to keep it and exploit it |
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Name the Baltic Republics |
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania |
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What is the best hope for Eastern Europe? |
Spiritual reforms and prayer |
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The _________ is the world's largest desert |
Sahara |
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Africa has a hot climate because it lies across the |
equator |
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Africa touches Asia at the |
Isthmus of Suez |
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The central plains of Africa are called |
savanna |
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Africa and Europe come very close to each other across the |
Straight of Gilbraltar |
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The ____ is the world's longest river |
Nile |
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The Congo River Basin is covered by |
rain forests |
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The Great Rift system runs where? |
Eastern Africa |
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Africa's tallest mountain is |
Mt. Kilimanjaro |
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The _____ Mountains stand in Morocco and Algeria at Africa's northwest corner |
Atlas |
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What is the dominant religion of North Africa? |
Muslim |
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`Apartheid was practiced in what nation? |
South Africa |
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define apartheid |
racial segregation |
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Africa's ethnic conflicts have spawned what two devastating results? |
famine and massacres |
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What types of government did most African nations have during the Cold War? |
military and dictatorships |
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What two nations held the greatest number of African colonies at the same time they were granted freedom? |
France and Britain |
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What is the cause of the terrorism facing the Muslim nations of Africa? |
The Islamic fundamentalists believe that violence is an appropriate way to force Muslim governments to accept their viewpoints |
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Describe the problem created by the Europeans when they divided Africa |
One of the major problems created is tribal conflict. The tribes aren't loyal to their nation, they're loyal to their tribe. Fights broke out between tribes |
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Many of Asia's mountains branch out from the ______ on the Western end of China |
Pamir Knot |
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The ____ Mountains are on the south side of the Plateau of Tibet and the _____ Mountains are on the north |
Himilaya and Kunlun |
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Asia is the ____ continent in the world in size |
largest |
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The Assyrian civilization began on the ____ and ____ Rivers |
Tigris and Euphrates |
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The ancient Chinese civilization began on the ____ and ____ Rivers |
Huang and Chang |
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The _____ Desert is in northern China and Mongolia |
Gobi |
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__________ is the highest mountain on earth |
Mount Everest |
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The Rub al Khali is a desert located on the _____ |
Arabian Peninsula |
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Afghanistan |
had a Communist government |
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Kuwait |
battleground of the Persian Gulf War |
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Cyprus |
part is Greek Orthadox |
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Israel |
fought wars with Egypt in 1948, 1967, and 1973 |
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Iran |
captured and held U.S. Embassy staff |
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Philippines |
Ferdinand Marcos ruled 1965-1986 |
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Sri Lanka |
Buddhist Shihalese fight Hindu Tamil |
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What was the British solution to Hindu-Muslim hatred at the time of India's independence and what resulted? |
They created the nations of Pakistan and Bangladesh and they were created to give a homeland to the Muslim minority. Riots broke out and ethnic violence resulted |
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Who were the Khmer Rouge and what did they do? |
They were the regime in Cambodia. They were brutal, even by Communist standards. The entire population was forced to go into the jungle and clear land and anyone who couldn't was shot. Over a million people were murdered or died of starvation |
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Name the members of ASEAN |
Thailand, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines |
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List the Asian nations that were part of the former U.S.S.R. |
Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia |
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What was the purpose of the "Cultural Revolution"? |
To create a truly classless society |
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What actually happened during the Cultural Revolution? |
There was a revolution and many people were murdered |
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What has been the economic and political situation in China since Mao Zedong's death? |
They ended their suicidal economic policies and established trade relations with other nations. Farms were given back to individual owners, workers were rewarded, and jobs were awarded on the basis of ability |
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Name the 3 nations whose attitudes still pose a threat to peace in the Far East |
Chine and North Korea |
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What was the purpose of the "Great Leap Forward"? |
To transform China into an industrial, developed nation in just a few years |
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as of 1995, what nations in the Far East were still officially Communist? |
China and North Korea |
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The head state in Australia is |
Queen Elizabeth II |
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Australia is the ____ continent in size |
smallest |
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The U.S., Australia, and New Zealand signed the _____, a mutual defense treaty during the Cold War |
ANZUS treaty |
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Australia us wholly surrounded by the |
Indian Ocean |
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The world's largest coral reef is the ___ in Australia |
Great Barrier Reef |
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The four major deserts of Australia are |
Simpson, Great Sandy, Gibson, and Great Victoria |
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What continent does the following belong to: Apennines Mountains |
Europe |
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What continent does the following belong to: Amazon River |
South America |
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What continent does the following belong to: Gobi Desert |
Asia |
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What continent does the following belong to: Great Rift System |
Africa |
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What continent does the following belong to: Plateau of Tibet |
Asia |
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What continent does the following belong to: Tigris-Euphrates Rivers |
Asia |
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What continent does the following belong to: Great Barrier Reef |
Australia |
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What continent does the following belong to: the Great Lakes |
North America |
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What continent does the following belong to: Danube River |
Europe |
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What continent does the following belong to: Angel Falls |
South America |
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The longest river in Europe is the |
Volga River |
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The tallest mountain in Africa is |
Mount Kilimanjaro |
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The longest lake in the world is _____ in Africa |
Lake Tanganyika |
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The longest river in the world is the ____ in Africa |
Nile River |
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The tallest mountain in the world is |
Mount Everest |
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The river whose basin covers most of central Africa is the |
Congo River |
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The _____ are the boundary between Europe and Asia |
Ural Mountains |
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The ____ run along the west coast of South America |
Andes Mountains |
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The largest fresh water lake in the world is |
Lake Superior |
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the largest desert in the world is the |
Sahara |
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What continent does the following belong to: Cambodia |
Asia |
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What continent does the following belong to: Suriname |
South America |
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What continent does the following belong to: Honduras |
North America |
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What continent does the following belong to: Gabon |
Africa |
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What continent does the following belong to: Slovakia |
Europe |
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What continent does the following belong to: Turkmenistan |
Asia |
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What continent does the following belong to: Greenland |
North America |
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What continent does the following belong to: Australia |
Australia |
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What continent does the following belong to: Morocco |
Africa |
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What continent does the following belong to: Vatican City |
Europe |
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North and South America touch at the ____ |
Isthmus of Panama |
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Europe and Africa nearly touch each other across the _____ at the mouth of the Mediterranean Sea |
Strait of Gilbraltar |
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Asia and Africa touch at the |
Isthmus of Suez |
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Australia is surrounded by the |
Indian Ocean |
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Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and Jamaica are part of the ____ Islands |
Caribbean |
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Part of NAFTA, faces a separatist movement in Quebec |
Canada |
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Includes Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador |
Central America |
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South American nation, founding member of OPEC |
Venezuela |
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South American military government fought the British over the Falkland Islands in 1982 |
Argentina |
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Successor to the ECSC and the EC, formed by the Maastricht Treaty |
European Union |
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Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution |
China |
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Baltic Republic, formerly part of the U.S.S.R. |
Latvia |
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Apartheid was their policy for years, U.S. Cold War ally |
South Africa |
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Predominately Muslim, site of the Persian Gulf War, part of Asia |
Middle East |
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Name 3 nations of the world that were still officially Communist in 1995 |
China, North Korea, Cuba |
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India's dominent Hindu population has come into violent conflict with ___ and ___ minorities since independence |
Muslim and Sikh |
