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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the correct four-step process followed in the scientific method. |
B. Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect data, analyze data, and draw conclusions. |
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Identify the correct order of the five stages of psychosexual development set out in Freud's theory ofdevelopment. |
B. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital |
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When taking his life-span psychology class, Professor Sharma emphasizes that developmental change oc-curs throughout adulthood as well as childhood. Professor Sharma is taking a(n) _____ approach to development. |
A. life-span |
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Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that: |
D. begins at conception and continues through the human life span. |
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The _____ approach to the study of development emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence,especially during infancy, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age. |
C. traditional |
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Alberto has two children. He provides many rules for his children and does not allow them to choose theirown activities. He monitors them closely and punishes them harshly for misbehavior. John believes it is im-portant to punish bad behavior and teach children to behave properly. John is apparently a believer in which philosophical view of child development? |
C. original sin |
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When she was a teenager, two members of Anna's family were killed by a tornado. More than 30 years later,she is still terrified by storms. This is an example of how a(n) __________ event can influence a person's development. |
C. nonnormative life |
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Dr. Borthwick-Duffy believes people are primarily influenced by the environment and learned experiences,so she believes __________ plays a more powerful role in human development. |
A. nurture |
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_____ behavior is behavior that promotes an organism's survival in the natural habitat. |
A. Adaptive |
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Chromosomal abnormalities occur when: |
A. whole chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis. |
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Early interest in the XYY syndrome focused on the belief that the extra Y chromosome found in some malescontributed to ____. However, subsequent research has proved this to be ____. |
A. aggression and violence; false |
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Brad is an athletic boy who is on every sport team in school. Stephen loves math and is part of his school'smath club. These instances reflect _____ correlations that occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating. |
C. active (niche-picking) genotype-environment |
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Marta recently went to see her doctor and learned that her unborn child was not receiving enough oxygen ornutrients from her. She was informed that there was a problem with the __. |
C. umbilical cord |
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Naomi tells you that she is having her baby in an alternative way to minimize the stress that the baby wouldexperience in a traditional birth setting. She says, "It will be more like what the baby has been used to for the last 9 months." Naomi is most likely planning: |
C. a waterbirth. |
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Manuel was adopted at birth. His adoptive parents notice that Manuel cries all the time. His body oftenshakes, and he has disturbedpregnant with him. |
A. heroin |
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Which type of influence is most likely to be common to people of a particular generation? |
D. Normative history-graded influences |
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Erik Erikson's developmental theory consists of _____ stages that last from birth to ___. |
B. eight; death |
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Through _____ the consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of the behavior'soccurrence. |
B. operant conditioning |
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Konrad Lorenz coined the term _____ to describe the rapid, innate learning that involves attachment to thefirst moving object seen. |
B. imprinting |
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_____ is the evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted are the onesthat survive and reproduce. |
C. Natural selection |
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____, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of DNA. They direct cells to reproduce them-selves and to assemble proteins. |
A. Genes |
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What are gametes? |
D. Eggs and sperm |
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Except for the sperm and the egg, all cells in the human body have _____ chromosomes. |
D. 46 |
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Which of the following is a chromosomal abnormality? |
D. Down syndrome |
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Sickle-cell anemia occurs most often in: |
A. African Americans. |
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_____ is a prenatal medical procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by syringe and testedfor chromosomal or metabolic disorders. |
C. Amniocentesis |
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To study the influence of heredity on behavior, the most common study used by behavior geneticists is a(n): |
B. twin study. |
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_____ occurs when a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tubein a process called fertilization. |
C. Conception |
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The blastocyst is composed of cells that will eventually develop into the _____ and the trophoblast. |
A. embryo |
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"Teratogen" comes from the Greek word "tera," which means __.A. "deformed"
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B. "monster" |
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A teratogen is any agent that can cause: |
B. birth defects. |
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According to recent research, which of the following risks is linked to environmental tobacco smoke? |
D. low birth weight |
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The _____ pattern of growth is the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves to-ward the extremities. |
A. proximodistal |
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The portion farthest from the spinal cord is known as the ____, which includes the cerebral cortex and several structures beneath it. |
B. forebrain |
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The cerebral cortex has two ____, each of which is further divided into four ____. |
C. hemispheres; lobes |
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The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other is called ____. |
C. lateralization |
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The fiber that carries signals toward the neuron's cell body is called a(n): |
B. dendrite. |
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The American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS (2000) suggests that mothers _____ co-sleep with their infants because ____. |
A. should not; it increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
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_____ is a condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and die suddenlywithout an apparent cause. |
B. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
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For years, debate has focused on whether breast feeding is better for the infant than bottle feeding. Thegrowing consensus is that: |
A. breast feeding is better for the baby's health. |
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_____ are skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one's arms and walking. |
B. Gross motor skills
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Jean Piaget used detailed observation of his own children to develop his theory of:
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D. cognitive development.
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Schemes are:
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A. actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.
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_____ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account.
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B. Accommodation
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In which sensorimotor substage does an infant's actions become more object-oriented?
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C. Secondary circular reactions
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The understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, ortouched is called:
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B. object permanence.
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The focusing of mental resources on select information is called ___.
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B. attention
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People remember very little about what happened in the early years of their lives. This is called:
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B. infantile amnesia.
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A form of communication that is based on a system of symbols is called ___.
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C. language
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Identify the correct sequence of vocalization in infants.
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B. Crying, cooing, babbling, gestures
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