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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LEED |
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design |
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USGBC |
US Green Building Council |
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LEED Certified vs Accredited |
Buildings/projects are certified, not people or products People are Accredited- LEED AP |
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Sustainability |
Creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations. |
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Green building |
A process that applies to buildings, their sites, their interiors, their operations, and the communities in which they are situated. Holistic approach. |
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6 Elements to Consider for Green Building |
Site selection Design of mechanical, electrical, envelope, and lighting systems Construction processes Operations of building Maintenance Waste management! |
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6 Statistics of building caused energy use |
24-50% energy use! 72% electricity consumption 38% CO2 emissions! (Most!) 14% potable water consumption 30% waste output!! 40% raw materials use |
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IGCC |
International Green Construction Code Includes ASHRAE as an alternative compliance path |
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GSA and ruling |
General Services Agreement These projects must achieve: 26% energy use reduction 33% lower CO2 emissions 13% reduction maintenance costs |
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How much time do Americans spend indoors and according to who? |
EPA— 90% |
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What satisfaction change do occupants of green buildings experience? |
27% increased satisfaction. |
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Triple Bottom Line |
Environmental, Economic, and Health/Community |
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Systems Thinking includes: |
Materials, resources, energy, people, and information, as wells as interactions and flows between these elements over space and time |
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Negative feedback loop vs positive feedback loop examples |
Negative: thermostat— mech system is enabled to self correct and stabilize Positive: climate change— every stage stimulates the next. |
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Prius Effect |
Make information available AND convenient. If users are given real-time info, they react and respond to the feedback loop. —real-time gas usage! |
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Leverage points |
Places where a small intervention can yield large changes — like real time energy metering |
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Life-Cycle Approach LCA vs LCC |
Life cycle assessment Life cycle cost: includes purchase price, fuel, install, ops +m, disposal, finance charges, and replacement costs! |
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Do Green Buildings cost more? |
Hard costs are defined, soft costs like insurance are developed case by case... May cost more in upfront but need to consider operational savings! |
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9 Project Team Members |
1. Architect (site plans and interior spaces) 2. MEP Engineer (mech-elec-plumbing) 3. Landscape architect (shading irrigation and plant roof) 4. Civil Engineer (rainwater mgmt open space reqts site protection) 5. Contractor (GC - demo and construction) 6. Facility Mgr (building Engineer - maintain at ops) 7. Commissioning Authority (CxA - drawing review, equip install, performance review) 8. Owner (define 3 bottom line) 9. End user / occupants — main priority for comfort/productivity |
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Integrative Design Steps |
1. Discovery 2. Design and construction 3. Occupancy, ops, and performance feedback |
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Discovery |
Most important! Env goals established early and cost effectively 5 foundation principles: 1. Process matters 2. Get in early - least expensive 3. Follow through - make a commitment! 4. Look beyond First costs to long-term savings 5. Include and collaborate |
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IPD |
Integrative project delivery or design-build projects Iterative and Best low bid instead of traditional design-bid-build |
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Design and construction |
Goal setting - Metrics (measurables) and targets(levels of the metric) Observation of site- make sure goals can be met here —GIS Exploration and selection of strategies/tech - include long term in value engineering Implementation— during cons; maintaining goals while cons happens |
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Occupancy, Ops, and performance feedback |
Train facility teams to inspect and maintain systems |
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7 Evaluation Strategies for Existing Buildings |
1. Set Goals 2. Benchmark performance 3. Identify improvement ops 4. Prioritize and align improvement ills with proj goals 5. Implement program 6. Measure performance and undergo 3rd party verification 7. Set revised or new goals |
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GBCI |
Green Building Certification Institute Created by USGBC Premier org independently recognizing excellence in green building performance and practice globally |
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Roles of USGBC vs GBCI |
USGBC: LEED rating system, including Edu programs and reference guides TAGs: technical advisory groups used to help leed categories evolve Also 8 regional councils GBCI administers tests and certifies projects but is separate rom actually creating the rating systems CIRs: Credit interpretation rulings are the resp of GBCI. Specific to one credit or prerequisite. |
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Goal of LEED |
Framework for identifying, implementing, and measuring green building and neighborhood design, cons, ops, and maintenance |
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7 Goals of LEED |
1. Reverse contrib to global climate change 2. Enhance indiv health 3. Protect/restore water resources 4. Protect enhance restore biodiversity 5. Promote sustainable and regenerative material resources cycles 6. Build greener economy 7. Enhance social equity, Env justice, community health, and quality of life |
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40/60 rule |
Rating system selection: whole gross floor area has to follow 1 rating system. If it is less than 40% aligned, don’t use. If more than 60%, do use. In the middle it’s up to you. |
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USGBC vs GBCI Roles |
USGBC: Design rating systems Includes education programs and reference guides TAGs: technical advisory groups to help evolve LEED systems GBCI Administer tests, certify projects CIRs: Credit Interpretation Rulings -- specific to 1 prerequisite or credit question from project team. // Credit appeals |
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7 goals of LEED |
1. Climate change 2. Individual health 3. Water Resources 4. Biodiversity 5. Promote sustainable/regenerative material resource cycles 6. Greener Economy 7. Social equity, environmental justice, community health, and quality of life |
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LEED BD+C |
New Cons & Maj. Renovations (incl 9+ resi) Core & Shell Schools Healthcare Data Centers Warehouses & Distribution Centers Hospitality Homes & MultiFamily (Lowrise or Midrise) |
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LEED O+M |
Existing Buildings Ops & Maintenance EB Schools EB Retail EB Hospitality EB Data centers EB Warehouses & Distribution |
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LEED ID+C |
Commercial Interiors Hospitality Retail |
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ND |
Neighborhood Development |
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7 Categories (+2 bonus) of LEED (except ND) |
Integrative Process (IP) Location & transportation (LT) Sustainable Sites (SS) Water Efficiency (WE) Energy & Atmosphere (EA) Materials & Resources (MR) Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Innovation Regional Priority (RP) |
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ND Categories |
Smart Location & Linkage Neighborhood Pattern & Design Green Infrastructure & Buildings Innovation Regional Priority |
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MPRs for All Projects |
1. Permananet Location on existing land 2. Reasonable LEED boundaries 3. Size requirements |
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LEED Boundaries |
Include: land altered by CONS, hardscape, water treatment equip, landscaping Types of boundaries: 1. property 2. LEED project 3. Building Footprint |
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Size Requirements |
BD+C or O+M: 1000 sq ft minimum ID+C : 250 sq ft min ND: 2 habitable buildings less than 1500 acres total Homes: must be categorized as a dwelling unit by all applicable codes |
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Devising a LEED Work Plan |
1. Initiate Discovery Phase 2. Select LEED Rating system 3. Check MPRs 4. Establish goals 5. Define LEED scope and boundary 6. Develop LEED scorecard & Establish Target certification level 7. Continue discovery Phase 8. Continue iterative process 9. Assign roles 10. develop consistent documentation 11. Perform quality assurance review & submit for certification |
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LPE |
Licensed Professional Exemption: an option to exempt you from providing additional documentation to earn a credit-- laid out on each credit |
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CIRs |
Credit Interpretation Rulings |
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LEED Administrator |
Register Grant access to project team Assign credits Pay certification fees |
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Determining Certification fee |
1. rating system 2. project sq footage 3. if registered under corporate USGBC account |
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Certification for LEED O+M Projects |
Happens after a performance period rather than after design/construction |
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(LT) Category Factors |
1. Location 2. transportation 3. Neighborhood Pattern and Design |
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(LT) LOCATION Factors |
Natural Context: climate, sun, vegetation, soils, wind and rain Infrastructural Context: utilities and roadway access Social Context: historic value, local regulations, cnxns to community |
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(LT) LOCATION Strategies (6) |
1. Increase Density 2. Choose redevelopment and infill development 3. Locate near existing infrastructure 4. Protect habitat (Minimal site disturbance) 5.Increase diversity of uses - connect services for working and living 6. Encourage multiple modes of transportationTransportationNeighborhood Pattern and Design |
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(LT) TRANSPORTATION Factors |
Land use - length and frequency of trips Vehicle technology- quantity and types of energy and support systems needed to move people and goods to and from the site Fuel - environmental impact of vehicle operation Human behavior - a daily transportaion deciscion combining the listed impacts |
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(LT) TRANSPORTATION Strategies (3) |
1. Choose a site adjacent to mass transit 2. Limit parking capacity -- Limits impervious surfaces and encourages other transit-- lowers construction cost too 3. Encourage bycicling - make it convenient and install bike racks and showers! |
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(LT) O+M TRANSPORTATION Strategies (4) |
1. Encourage Carpooling 2. Encourage or provide alternative fuel vehicles 3. Incentivize Building users/employees - parking spaces discounted or reserved 4. Support alternative transportation |
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(LT) Documenting TRANSPORTATION Strategies |
1. Walking and bicycling distance-- don't exceed maximum allowable! 2. Total vehicle parking capacity - including off-street partking 3. Preferred Parking |
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(LT) Pedestrian Inftrastructure |
Includes not only sidewalks and crosswalks but all-weather footpaths or equivalent pedestrian facilities |
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(LT) NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN/DESIGN Factors |
Determine neighborhood density and how pedestrian friendly it is Encourage high diversity of use for less car dependence |
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(LT) NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN/DESIGN Strategies (8) |
1. Design walkable streets 2. Include pedestrian amenities 3. Use compact development strategies 4. Promote connectivity (no gated communities) 5. Provide diverse land uses 6. Create a diverse community (housing types) 7. Support access to sustainable food 8. Ensure that all residents have easy access to grocery stores |
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(MR) Category Factors |
1. Conservation of Materials 2. Environmentally, socially, and locally preferrable methods 3. Waste mgmt & reduction |
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(MR) CONSERVATION OF MATERIALS Strategies |
1. Reuse existing buildings and salvaged materials 2. Plan for smaller, more compact communities 3. Design Smaller, more flexible homes and buildings 4. Use efficient framing techniques (24 in instead of 16 in) & use SIPS (strucural insulated panels) 5. Promote source reduction in operations (less printing/material use by occupants) |
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(MR) ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE MATL'S Guidelines (8) |
1. Support local economy 2. Sustainably grown and harvested 3. intended end-of-life scenarios avoid landfill 4. Contain recycled content from industrial or consumer resources 5. made of bio-based mat'l 6. Free of toxins 7. Long-lasting, durable, reusable 8. Made in factories that support human health & worker's rights |
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(MR) Rules for Animal Material or Rapidly renewable fiber |
(Except leather and other animal hides) -- must be grown or raised in 10 years or less and meet Sustainable Agriculture Standard |
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(MR) To be considered a local product... |
Regional materials must be extracted, processed, and manufactured within 100 miles of project site |
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(MR) Post Consumer vs Pre Consumer Waste & Reference Standard |
Preconsumer recycling = waste from mfr but before turned into a produt; post consumer = manufactured products at the end of useful life ISO 14021-1999 Environmental Label and Declarations = reference standard that declares a material having post/pre consumer recycled content |
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(MR) Sustainably Grown/Harvested FSC Wood |
Must be tracked with chain-of-custody documentation, tracking from harvest/extraction to installtion location, including processing, manufacturing & distribution |
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(MR) LCA |
Life Cycle Assessment Includes evaluation of embodied energy Cradle-to-cradle vs. Cradle-to-grave |
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(MR) Embodied energy |
extraction location of raw materials manufacturing process and location impact on construction workers and building occupants expected term of use during operations disposal options energy contained within the product! |
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Cradle-to-grave vs. Cradle-to-cradle |
Cradle-to-grave = products that cannot be used or recycled at end of life cradle to cradle = products that can be use or recycled at end of life |
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(MR) Sustainable Purchasing Strategies (4) |
Only a PREREQ for LEED for EB: O+M 1. Identify Local sources of env. pref products 2. Develop a sustainable mat'ls policy. 3. Specify green matls and equipment 4. Specify green custodial products |
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Green Seal FSC Energy Star |
Forest Stewardship Council - third party certifications to look for when selecting materials |
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LEED Points Scoring |
40-49: Certified 50-59: Silver 60-79: Gold 80+ Platinum |
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(SS) Category Factors |
1. Site Design & Management Native/adaptive plantings, less potable water for irrigation, minimize impervious surfaces 2. Rainwater Management 3. Heat Island Effect |
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(SS) Imperviousness |
surfaces that do not allow water to pass through them ultimately contribute to stormwater runoff, which does NOT regenerate ground water and can reduce surface water quality with contaminants |
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(SS) Lighting considerations |
1. Site lighting should not be excessive during day or night, especially in areas not used at night and in areas outside project boundary. (light trespass = unwanted light that is on another's property) 2. Excessive night lighting disturbs nocturnal animals |
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(SS) Site Design & Management Strategies (5) |
1. Preserve open space and sensitive areas (smaller building footprint, higher floor-area ratio) 2. Minimize hardscape 3. Use native landscaping 4. Prevent Light pollution 5. Protect and restore habitat |
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(SS) Site Design & Management Stratgies for O+M (3) |
1. Develop sustainable mgmt plan - Integrated Pest Management plan (IPM); exterior cleaning plan -- eliminates chemicals and waste 2. Implement conservation programs 3. Maintain site lighting to prevent light pollution-- timers! |
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(SS) Rainwater Management Strategies 3) |
1. Minimize impervious areas 2. Control Rainwater - rain gardens, dry ponds, bioswales 3. Incorporate rainwater management into site design |
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(SS) Rainwater Management Strategies for O+M (2) |
1. Redirect rainwater into rain gardens etc 2. Harvest rainwater and use l ater for nonpotable uses (be mindful of local rules and regulations) |
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(SS) Heat Island Effect Strategies (3) |
1. Use reflective Roof Materials - High SRI 2. Reduce the area of paved surfaces exposed to sunlight (UG parking, light colored paved areas, shading) 3. Plan an urban forest or a green roof -- evapotranspiration! return of water to atmosphere after evaporating from plants' leaves |
