Lab Values

Front 1

-Normal hemoglobin levels for men? For women?
-Clinical Implications of increased Hb levels? Decreased levels?

Back 1

-Men: 13-18 g/dL
-Women: 12-16 g/dL

Hint 1

-Increased levels may indicate polycythemia, CHF or COPD.
-Decreased levels may indicate hemorrhage, anemia or liver disease.

Front 2

-Normal hematocrit levels for men? For women?
-Clinical implications of increased Hct levels? Decreased levels?

Back 2

-Men: 45-52%
-Women: 37-48%

Hint 2

-Increased levels may indicate polcythemia, erythrocytosis, dehydration or shock.
-Decreased levels may indicate anemia, leukemias, adrenal insufficiency, hemorrhage or hemolytic reactions.

Front 3

-Normal RBC levels for men? For women?
-Clinical implications of increased RBC levels? Decreased levels?

Back 3

-Men: 4.6-6.2 million/mm3
-Women: 4.2-5.9 million/mm3

Hint 3

-Increased levels may indicate polycythemia, heart disease, high altitude, extrarenal tumors, pulmonary disease or renal disease.
-Decreased levels may indicate anemia or hemmorhage.

Front 4

-Normal Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate levels for men? For women?
-Clinical implications of increased ESR levels?

Back 4

-Men: <=20 mm/hr
-Women: <=30 mm/hr

Hint 4

-Increased levels may indicate anemia, inflammatory diseases, infections, etc.

Front 5

-Normal Leukocyte levels for men? For women?
-Clinical implications of increase WBC levels? Decreased levels?

Back 5

-Men: 4,300-10,800 mm3
-Women: Same

Hint 5

-Increased levels may indicate inflammation, trauma, toxicity or leukemia.
-Decreased levels may indicate aplastic anemia, drug toxicity, or specific infections.

Front 6

-Normal neutrophil levels for men? For women?
-Clincal implications of increased neutrophil levels? Decreased levels?

Back 6

-Men: 54-75%
-Women: same

Hint 6

-Increased levels may indicate bacterial infections, inflammation, hemorrhage, diabetic acidosis.
-Decreased levels may indicate stem cell disorders, viral infections, drug hypersensitivity.

Front 7

-Normal eosinophil levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased eosinophil levels? Decreased levels?

Back 7

-Men: 1-4%
-Women: Same

Hint 7

-Increased levels may indicate allergic reactions or parasitic disease.
-Decreased levels may indicate Cushing's syndrome, use of certain drugs or acute bacterial infections.

Front 8

-Normal basophil levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased basophil levels? Decreased levels?

Back 8

-Men: 0-1%
-Women: Same

Hint 8

-Increased levels may indicate blood dyscrasias.
-Decreased levels may indicate an acute phase of infection, hyperthyroidism, or stress reactions.

Front 9

-Normal monocyte levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased monocyte levels? Decreased levels?

Back 9

-Men: 2-8%
-Women: Same

Hint 9

-Increased levels may indicate Hodgkin's disease, lipid storage disease, recovery from severe infections or monocytic leukemias.
-Decreased levels may indicate prednisone treatment,
hairy cell leukemia, HIV infection, or bone marrow injury.

Front 10

-Normal lymphocyte levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased lymphocyte levels? Decreased levels?

Back 10

-Men: 25-40%
-Women: Same

Hint 10

-Increased levels may indicate viral and bacterial infection, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, antigen reaction.
-Decreased levels may indicate chemotherapy or radiation treatment, Hodgkin's disease, aplastic anemia, or CHF.

Front 11

-Normal platelet count for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased platelet count? Decreased count?

Back 11

-Men: 150,000-350,000 mm3
-Women: Same

Hint 11

-Increased count may indicate polycythemia, leukemia, severe hemorrhage.
-Decreased count may indicate thrombocytopenia purpura.

Front 12

-Normal prothrombin time for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased PT?

Back 12

-Men: 9.6-11.8 sec
-Women: 9.5-11.3 sec

Hint 12

-Increased time may indicate Vit. K deficiency, liver disease, biliary obstruction, poor fat absorption, or DIC.

Front 13

-Normal partial thromboplastin time for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of prolonged PTT? Shortened PTT?

Back 13

-Men: 30-45 sec
-Women: same

Hint 13

-Prolonged time may indicate hemophilia A, B and C or Von Willebrand's disease.
-Shortened time may indicate extensive cancer, acute hemorrhage, or early DIC.

Front 14

-Normal sodium levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased Na+ levels? Decreased levels?

Back 14

-Men: 135-145 mEq/L
-Women: Same

Hint 14

-Increased levels may indicate dehydration w/ insufficient water intake, Conn's sydrome, Cushing's syndrome, coma, diabetes insipidus.
-Decreased levels may indicate severe burns, CHF, excessive fluid loss, excessive IV induction of nonelectrolyte fluids, Addison's disease, diuretic use, edema, hypothyroidism etc.

Front 15

-Normal potassium levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased K+ levels? Decreased levels?

Back 15

-Men: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
-Women: Same

Hint 15

-Increased K+ levels may indicate renal disease, dehydration, tissue breakdown, cell damage, metabolic acidosis, kidney transplant rejection, etc.
-Decreased levels may indicate diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, starvation, malabsorption, draining wounds, severe burns, cystic fibrosis, chronic alcoholism, resp. alkalosis, Bartter's syndrome, etc.

Front 16

-Normal chloride levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications of increased of Cl- levels? Decreased levels?

Back 16

-Men: 97-107 mEq/L
-Women: Same

Hint 16

-Increased levels may indicate dehydration, Cushing's syndrome, hyperventilation which causes resp. alkalosis, eclampsia, metabolic acidosis w/ prolonged diarrhea.
-Decreased levels may indicate severe vomiting, gastic suction, chronic resp. acidosis, burns, metabolic alkalosis, congestive failure, overhydration, etc.

Front 17

-Normal bicarbonate (HCO3) levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased HCO3 levels? Decreased levels?

Back 17

-Men: 22-26 mmo/L
-Women: Same

Hint 17

-Increased levels may indicate vomiting, dehydration, blood transfusion, overuse of medications such antacids, COPD, pulmonary edema, Cushing's disease, use of diuretics & corticosteroids, etc.
-Decreased levels may indicate resp. alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, shock, starvation or kidney failure.

Front 18

-Normal calcium levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased Ca++ levels? Decreased levels?

Back 18

-Men: 8.6-10 mg/dL
-Women: Same

Hint 18

-Increased levels may indicate hyperparathyroidism, cancer, tuberculosis, excessive intake of Vit. D, milk, antacids.
-Decreased levels may indicate pseudohypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, hyperphophatemia, acute pancreatitis, alkalosis, renal failure, Vit. D deficiency, or alcoholism.

Front 19

-Normal glucose levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased glucose levels? Decreased levels?

Back 19

-Men: 70-105 mg/dL
-Women: Same

Hint 19

-Increased levels may indicate Cushing's disease, acute emotional stress, gigantism, pituitary adenoma, pancreatitis, advanced liver disease, Vit. B deficiency, pregnancy,etc.
-Decreased levels may indicate insulinomas, carcinoma, Addison's disease, hypopituitarism, starvation, liver damage, insulin overdose, etc.

Front 20

-Normal serum osmolality levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased

Back 20

-Men: 280-300 mosm/kg water
-Women: Same

Hint 20

-Increased levels may indicate dehydration, hypercalcemia, diabetes mellitus, hypernatremia, cerebral lesions, alcohol ingestion, or inadequate water intake.
-Decreased levels may indicate loss of sodium, renal failure, adrenocortical insufficiency, excessive water replacement, diabetes insipidus, etc.

Front 21

-Normal protein levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased protein levels? Decreased levels?

Back 21

-Men: 3.5-5 g/dL
-Women: Same

Hint 21

-Increased levels may indicate dehydration.
-Decreased levels may indicate acute & chronic inflammations & infections, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, Crohn's disease, burns, heart failure, starvation, thyroid disease etc.

Front 22

-Normal BUN levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased BUN levels? Decreased levels?

Back 22

-Men: 5-20 mg/dL
-Women: Same

Hint 22

-Increased levels may indicate impaired renal function, urinary tract obstruction, hemorrhage into GI tract, diabetes mellitus, excessive protein intake, or anabolic steroid use.
-Decreased levels may indicate liver failure, acromegaly, malnutrition, impaired absorption, or nephrotic syndrome.

Front 23

-Normal creatinine levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased creatinine levels? Decreased levels?

Back 23

-Men: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
-Women: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL

Hint 23

-Increased levels may indicate impaired renal function, chronic nephritis, obstruction of urinary tract, muscle disease, CHF, shock, dehydration, or hyperthyroidism.
-Decreased levels may indicate small stature, decreased muscle mass, liver disease, inadequate dietary protein, pregnancy.

Front 24

-Normal pH levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased pH levels? Decreased levels?

Back 24

-Men: 7.35-7.45
-Women: Same

Hint 24

-Increased levels indicate alkalemia.
-Decreased levels indicate acidosis.

Front 25

-Normal Po2 levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased Po2 levels? Decreased levels?

Back 25

-Men: 80-100 mm/Hg
-Women: Same

Hint 25

-Increased levels may indicate polycytheima, increased FIo2, or hyperventilation.
-Decreased levels may indicate anemias, cardiac decompensation, insufficient atmospheric O2, intracardiac shunts, COPD, restrictive pulmonary disease, or hypoventilation.

Front 26

-Normal Pco2 levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for increased Pco2 levels? Decreased levels?

Back 26

-Men: 35-45 mmg/Hg
-Women: Same

Hint 26

-Increased levels may indicate obstructive lung disease, reduced function of resp. center, or other causes of hypoventilation.
-Decreased levels may indicate hypoxia, nervousness, anxiety, pulmonary emboli, pregnancy, or pain.

Front 27

-Normal O2 Saturation levels for men? Women?
-Clinical indications for decreased O2 Sat levels?

Back 27

-Men: 93-100%
-Women: Same

Hint 27

-Decreased levels indicate poor oxygen perfusion.