Patient Background Di Abetes is a 26-year-old female, who is Type 1 diabetic diagnosed at the age of 12. Di is completely insulin dependent, meaning the beta cells within her pancreas are unable to create insulin due to autoimmune destruction. With type one diabetes the body is unable to recognize these beta cells therefore attacks the cell as if they are virus. Di has the more rare form of diabetes which only effects about 5% of diabetes cases. Di Abetes took a nap earlier in the day, and when her roommate when to wake her she was unable to do so. Di was then brought to the hospital and currently in a coma. 24 prior to arrival to the hospital Di complained of nausea and fatigue, she was also vomiting. Due to her vomiting Di is suffering
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In addition, Di’s ‘ serum glucose and serum bicarbonate are tested, the serum glucose (fasting blood glucose) is used to the test the glucose within the blood Di serum glucose results are 648 mg/dL the normal range should be 80-110 mg/dL after an overnight fast. Di is therefore suffering from hyperglycemia; there is too much glucose in her blood. The bicarbonate is an electrolyte that helps the body maintain its pH balance; Di serum bicarbonate is 8mEq/L the normal range (24-28). Upon the return of the arterial blood and urinalysis, Di’s blood has a pH of 7.0 (normal range 7.35-7.45), her blood is too acidic and her urine as well as blood both have ketone bodies present. It is determined that Di has ketoacidosis, the lab results in combination to the acetone like odor from her breath. Ketoacidosis occurs when acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid accumulate. Without the sufficient amount of insulin the body still remains in the fasting state despite she has ingested food. The liver responds by degrading the body’s glycogen stores and then release glucose into the blood, this is because the livers main job while in the fasting state is to maintain glucose levels. The releasing of the acids result in lowering Di Abetes blood pH causing the fatty acids to exit the fat cells that transport to the liver when this occurs the liver turns the fat cells into ketone
In addition, Di’s ‘ serum glucose and serum bicarbonate are tested, the serum glucose (fasting blood glucose) is used to the test the glucose within the blood Di serum glucose results are 648 mg/dL the normal range should be 80-110 mg/dL after an overnight fast. Di is therefore suffering from hyperglycemia; there is too much glucose in her blood. The bicarbonate is an electrolyte that helps the body maintain its pH balance; Di serum bicarbonate is 8mEq/L the normal range (24-28). Upon the return of the arterial blood and urinalysis, Di’s blood has a pH of 7.0 (normal range 7.35-7.45), her blood is too acidic and her urine as well as blood both have ketone bodies present. It is determined that Di has ketoacidosis, the lab results in combination to the acetone like odor from her breath. Ketoacidosis occurs when acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid accumulate. Without the sufficient amount of insulin the body still remains in the fasting state despite she has ingested food. The liver responds by degrading the body’s glycogen stores and then release glucose into the blood, this is because the livers main job while in the fasting state is to maintain glucose levels. The releasing of the acids result in lowering Di Abetes blood pH causing the fatty acids to exit the fat cells that transport to the liver when this occurs the liver turns the fat cells into ketone