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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The correct answers are the following:
a. = renal hilus b. = urethra c = urinary bladder d. = ureter e. = renal artery f. = kidney |
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What is the function of the fat cushion that surrounds the kidneys in life?
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In a living person, fat deposits (adipose capsules) hold the kidneys in place against the muscles of the posterior trunk wall.
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The answers are:
1. = i 2. = n 3. = k 4. = l 5. = m 6. = g 7. = c 8. = e 9. = d 10. = b 11. = f 12. = j 13. = a 14. = h 15. = o |
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site of filtrate formation
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glomerulus
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primary site of tubular reabsorption
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proximal convoluted tubule
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structure that conveys the processed filtrate (urine) to the renal pelvis
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collecting duct
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blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells
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peritubular capillaries
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its inner (visceral) membrane forms part of the filtration membrane
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glomerulus
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Explain why the glomerulus is such a high-pressure capillary bed.
How does its high-pressure condition aid its function of filtrate formation? |
The glomerulus is fed and drained by arterioles and the feeder afferent arteriole is large in diameter than the efferent arteriole draining the bed.
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What structural modification of certain tubule cells enhances their ability to reabsorb substances from the filtrate?
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The lumen surfaces of the tubule cells in the proximal convoluted tubules are covered with dense microvilli, which increase their surface area.
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Trace a drop of blood from the time it enters the kidney in the renal artery until it leaves the kidney through the renal vein.
Renal artery ® ____(1) ____ ® ____ (2) ____ ® ____ (3) ____® ____ (4) ____ ®____ (5) ____ ® ____ (6) ____ ® ____ (7) ____ ® ____ (8) ____ ®____ (9) ____ ® ____ (10) ____ ® ____ (11) ____ ® Renal vein |
The correct pathway is the following:
segmental artery lobar artery interlobar artery arcuate artery interlobular artery afferent arterioles glomerulus peritubular capillaries interlobular vein arcuate vein interlobar vein |
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Trace the anatomical pathway of a molecule of creatinine (metabolic waste) from the glomerular capsule to the urethra. Note each microscopic and/or gross structure it passes through in its travels, and include the names of the subdivisions of the renal tubule.
Glomerular capsule ® (1) proximal convoluted tubule ® ____ (2) ____ ® ____ (3) ____ ®____ (4) ____ ®____ (5) ____ ® ____ (6) ____ ® ____ (7) ____ ® ____ (8) ____ ®____ (9) ____ ® ____ (10) ____ ® Urethra |
The correct pathway is the following:
proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule collecting duct renal cortex medullary pyramid calyces renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder |
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What is the normal volume of urine excreted in a 24-hour period?
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The normal volume of urine excreted in a 24-hour period is 1.0 - 18 liters.
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List three nitrogenous wastes that are routinely found in urine:
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Three nitrogenous wastes that are routinely found in urine include urea, creatinine, and uric acid.
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List three substances that are absent from the filtrate and urine of healthy individuals:
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Three substances that are absent from the filtrate and urine of healthy individuals are blood, protein, and bile.
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List two substances that are routinely found in filtrate but not in the urine product:
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Two substances that are routinely found in filtrate but not in the urine product are glucose and amino acids.
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Explain why urinalysis is a routine part of any good physical examination.
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Urinalysis demonstrates kidney function, which maintains the electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balances of the blood.
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What substance is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine?
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Urochrome (breakdown of hemoglobin) is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine.
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Which has a greater specific gravity: 1 ml of urine or 1 ml of distilled water:
Explain. |
Urine has more specific gravity than an equal amount of water because urine contains dissolved solutes so it weighs more than water.
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Explain the relationship between the color, specific gravity, and volume of urine.
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The greater the solute concentration, the deeper the yellow color, the higher the specific gravity, and the smaller the output.
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How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH; How does starvation influence urine pH?
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A urinary tract infection may result in urine with a high pH. In starvation, protein (in muscle breakdown) increases the acidity of urine. Elevated levels of ketones in urine = acid urine = decreased pH.
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What are renal calculi, and what conditions favor their formation?
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Renal calculi are kidney stones that may form if the urine becomes excessively concentrated and solutes begin to precipitate or crystallize.
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All urine specimens become alkaline and cloudy on standing at room temperature. Explain.
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All urine samples become alkaline and cloudy at room temperature because bacteria will grow and break down urea to form ammonia.
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blood in the urine
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hematuria
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hemolytic anemia
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hemoglobinuria
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eating a 5-lb box of candy at one sitting
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glycosuria
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pregnancy
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albuminuria
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starvation
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ketonuria
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urinary tract infection
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pyouria
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