Key Terms - Ap Human Geography Chapter 13

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Annexation

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Legally adding land area to a city in the United States.

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Census tract

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An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urban areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.

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Carbon capture and storage

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The process of capturing waste CO2, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally underground.

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Centtlral business district (CBD)

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The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.

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Combined statistical area (CSA)

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In the United States, two or more contiguous CBSAs tied together by commuting patterns.

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Concentric Zone model

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A model of the internal structure of cities in which two social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

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Core-based Statistical area (CBSA)

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In the United States, ant MSA or uSA

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Central city (city)

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An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit known as a municipality.

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Density gradient

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The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.

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Filtering

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A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.

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Megalopolis

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A continuous urban complex in the northeastern United States.

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Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

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In the United States, an urbanized area of at least 50000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting at least one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.

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Micropolitan statistical area (uSA)

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An urbanized area of between 10000 a nd 50000 inhabitants, the county in which it is located, and adjacent counties tied to the city.

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Informal settlement

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An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

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Gentrification

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A process of converting am urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, rental-occupied area to a pre- dominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area.

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Edge city

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A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.,

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Multiple Nuclei model

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A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

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Public housing

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Government-owned housing rented to low-income individuals, with rents set at 30% of the tenant's income.

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Sector model

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A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, raidiating out from the central business district.

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Smart growth

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Legislation amd regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland.

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Rush hour

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The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.

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Peripheral model

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A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

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Redlining

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A process by which financial institutions draw red-colored lines on a map, and refuse to lend money for people to purchase or improve property within the lines.

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Primary Census Area (PSA)

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In the United States, any CSA, any MSA not included in a CSA, or any uSA not included in a CSA.

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Social area analysis

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Statisticsl analysis used to identify whet people of similar living standards, ethnic backgrounds, and lifestyle within an urban area.

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Suburb

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A residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside the central city.

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Sustainable development

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Development that meets the needs of the present population without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.

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Underclass

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A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.

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Urban cluster

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In the United States, an urban area with between 2500 and 50000 inhabitants.

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Urbanized area

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In the United States, an urban area with at least 50000 inhabitants.

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Urban area

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A central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs.

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Sprawl

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Deevelopment of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the built-up area.

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Zoning ordinance

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A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.