Ist 659 Data & Database Administration - Chapter 1

Front 1

What is a database?

Back 1

An organized collection of logically related data.

Front 2

What is data?

Back 2

Stored representations of objects and events that have meaning and importance in the user's environment

Front 3

What is information?

Back 3

Data that have been processed in such a way as to increase the knowledge of the person who uses the data

Front 4

What is metadata?

Back 4

Data that describe the properties or characteristics of end-user data and the context of those data.

Front 5

What is a database application?

Back 5

an application program or set of related programs that is used to perform a series of database activities on behalf of database users such as create read update and delete

Front 6

What is a file?

Back 6

A collection of related records

Front 7

What is a data model?

Back 7

A graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data

Front 8

What are the disadvantages of file processing systems? (5)

Back 8

1. Program data dependence

2. duplication of data

3. limited data sharing

4. lengthy development times

5. excessive program maintenance

Front 9

What is an entity?

Back 9

a person a place an object an event or Concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes is to maintain data.

Front 10

What is a relational database?

Back 10

a database that represents data as a collection of tables in which all data relationships are represented by common values in related tables.

Front 11

What is the database management system?

Back 11

A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases.

Front 12

What is data Independence?

Back 12

The separation of data descriptions from the application programs that use the data.

Front 13

What are the advantages of the database approach?

Back 13

program data Independence,

planned data redundancy,

improved data consistency, improved data sharing,

increased productivity of application development,

enforcement of Standards,

improved data quality,

improved data accessibility and responsiveness,

reduced program maintenance, improved decision support.

Front 14

What is a user view?

Back 14

A logical description of some portion of the database that is required by a user to perform some task.

Front 15

What is a constraint?

Back 15

A rule that cannot be violated by database users.

Front 16

What are the costs and risks of the database approach?

Back 16

new specialized Personnel, installation and management cost and complexity,

conversion costs,

need for explicit backup and Recovery,

organizational conflict.

Front 17

What are data modeling and design tools?

Back 17

Software tools that provide automated support for creating data models.

Front 18

What is a repository?

Back 18

a centralized knowledge base of all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, and other system components.

Front 19

What are application programs?

Back 19

Computer-based application programs used to create and maintain the database and provide information to users.

Front 20

What is a user interface?

Back 20

languages, menus, and other facilities by which users interact with various system components, such as data modeling and design tools, application programs, the dbms, and the Repository.

Front 21

What are data administrators?

Back 21

Persons who are responsible for the overall management of data resources in an organization.

Front 22

What are system Developers?

Back 22

Person such as systems analyst and programmers who designed new application programs.

Front 23

What are end users?

Back 23

persons throughout the organization who add, delete, and modify data in the database and who request or receive information from it.

Front 24

What is enterprise data modeling?

Back 24

the first step in database development, in which the scope and general contents of organizational databases are specified.

Front 25

What is the system's development life cycle?

Back 25

The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace Information Systems.

Front 26

What are the seven steps of the sdlc?

Back 26

1. Planning - Enterprise modeling

2. Planning - conceptual data modeling

3. Analysis - conceptual data modeling

4. Design - logical database design

5. Design - physical database design and definition

6. Implementation - database implementation

7. Maintenance - database maintenance

Front 27

What is a conceptual schema?

Back 27

A detailed, technology independent specification of the overall structure of organizational data.

Front 28

What is a logical schema?

Back 28

The representation of a database for a particular data management technology.

Front 29

What is a physical schema?

Back 29

specifications for how data from a logical schema are stored in a computer's secondary memory by a database management system.

Front 30

What is prototyping?

Back 30

an interactive process of systems development in which requirements are forwarded to a working system that is continually revised through close work between analysts and users.

Front 31

What are the four fundamentals of agile software development?

Back 31

1. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools

2. Working software over comprehensive documentation

3. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation

4. Responding to change over following a plan

Front 32

What are the three criteria for using an agile or adaptive process?

Back 32

1. Unpredictable and or changing requirements

2. Responsible and collaborative Developers

3. Involved customers who understand and can contribute to the process

Front 33

What must be evaluated when assessing inefficiencies of a database?

Back 33

Weighing the inefficiency against violating the core principles behind sound database-design

Front 34

What is an external schema?

Back 34

This is the view or views of managers and other employees who are the database users.

Front 35

What is a conceptual schema?

Back 35

the schema combining the different external views into a single, coherent, and comprehensive definition of the Enterprises data.

Front 36

What is the internal schema?

Back 36

It consists of two separate schemas a logical schema and a physical schema.

Front 37

What is the internal logical schema?

Back 37

Direct presentation of data for a type of data management technology.

Front 38

What is the internal physical schema?

Back 38

How data are to be represented and stored in secondary storage using a particular database management system.

Front 39

What are the three schemas that comprise the three schema architecture?

Back 39

External, conceptual, internal.

Front 40

What is a project?

Back 40

A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end.

Front 41

What are systems analysts?

Back 41

these individuals may perform business analyst activities but also specify computer systems requirements and typically have a stronger systems development background than business analysts.

Front 42

What are database analysts and data modelers?

Back 42

These individuals concentrate on determining the requirements and design for the database component of the information system.

Front 43

What are database architects?

Back 43

these individuals establish standards for data in business units, starting to attain Optimum data location, currency, and quality.

Front 44

What are data administrators?

Back 44

These individuals have responsibility for existing and future databases and ensure consistency and integrity across databases, and as experts on database technology, they provide Consulting and training to other project team members.

Front 45

What is the client?

Back 45

The machine that runs the user interface and sometimes the business logic.

Front 46

What is the database server?

Back 46

The machine that runs the database management system and contains the database.

Front 47

What does the conceptual schema represent?

Back 47

The view of the data architect or data administrator.

Front 48

What does the term data independence mean, and why is it an important goal?

Back 48

1) It separates metadata from the application programs that use the data.

2) Data descriptions are stored in a central Repository.

3) this allows an organization's data to change an evolved without changing the application programs that process the data.

Front 49

What is structured data?

Back 49

information with a high degree of organization, such that inclusion in a relational database is seamless and readily searchable by simple

Front 50

What is unstructured data?

Back 50

Multimedia data

Front 51

What is an Enterprise data model?

Back 51

An integrated view of the data produced and consumed across an entire organization. It is a single integrated definition of data, unbiased of any system or application.

Front 52

What are ERP systems?

Back 52

Enterprise resource planning systems.

Software applications that provide the data necessary for the Enterprise to examine and manage its activities.

Front 53

What comprises a multitier database?

Back 53

1. User interface accessible on user computer

2. An application / web layer w the logic to accomplish the business transactions requested by the users.

3. Call database server.

Front 54

What are the 9 major components in a database system environment?

Back 54

1. Data modeling and design tools

2. Repository

3. DBMS

4. Application programs

5. Database

6. User interface

7. Data and database administrators

8. System Developers

9. End users

Front 55

How are relationships between tables expressed in a relational database?

Back 55

The names of common fields included in a file called a relation.

Front 56

Which schema represents the view of a manager or other employees?

Back 56

The external schema.

Front 57

Which schema represents the view of the data architect or data administrator?

Back 57

The conceptual schema.

Front 58

Which schema represents the view of the database administrator?

Back 58

The internal schema