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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is Taj Mahal located?
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Agra (N), now New Delhi
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When was Islam established?
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7th c
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Monotheistic religion
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Islam: single, universal vision of Truth
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Who is Islam's Prophet?
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Muhammad (619 recited Koran)
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Is Pluralistic vision accepted in Islam?
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No, must believe in one.
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How was Islam introduced to the West Coast of India?
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By Arab traders
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How did the Sultanate of Delhi establish?
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Raids upon N and W of India by Turks and Afghans
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Who was the founding Sultan?
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Qutb al-Din Aybak
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Who created the first mosque?
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Qutb al-Din Aybak
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What are the two main monuments?
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Mosques and tombs
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What is the holiest sanctuary of Islam?
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Kaaba in Mecca, center of Islamic world
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What does the Fourth wall (qibla or front) marks a direction of?
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mark as direction of Mecca toward which Muslims face for prayer
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What are Arabesque?
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flowery curves designs in Islamic Art
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Where is Quwwat al-Islam Mosque (Might of Islam) located?
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Delhi, India
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When was Quwwat al-Islam Mosque (Might of Islam) established?
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1198
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Alai Darvazah
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- Ceremonial gate of Quwwat al-Islam Mosque
- Completed in 1311 |
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Qutb Minar
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- Minaret tower-like of Quwwat al-Islam Mosque
- Completed in 13th c. - Used for focal point and to call prayers |
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When was the Prayer Hall of Quwwat al-Islam Mosque completed?
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12th c.
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When was the Quwwat al-Islam Mosque's corbelled arch added?
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1198
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When did the Islamic culture emerge to India?
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14th c.
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Tughlak dynasty
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- Current Delhi Sultanate
- Founder built massive fortified capital city name Tughlakabad |
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Timur invading Tughlak dynasty caused what?
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Delhi deserted for 15 years
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Lodi Dynasty
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- Emerged by 15th c.
- last dynasty of Delhi Sultanate - Erected many tomb structures in New Delhi - Iranian double dome introduced |
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What was tomb building a symbol of?
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- royal prerogative and a status symbol
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What kind of tombs did Sultans build themselves?
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octagonal tombs
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What kind of tombs did nobles build themselves?
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square ones
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Bijapur
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Deccan Sultanates (14th c.), Bahmani line
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Mughal Empire
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- 1526-1858
- Mughal were Turkish-Mongolian heritage - Ruled from Afghanistan to borders of Bengal (N India) |
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Babur (Mughal Empire)
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- 1526, ruler of central Asian principality
- Defeated the Lodi sultans in India and established himself in Delhi as emperor |
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Akbar (Mughal Empire)
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- R. 1556-1603
- Third monarch - stabilized and expanded empire and left his imprint on architecture and painting of India - doctrine removed discrimination against Hindus - Created centralized bureaucracy by organizing official into military ranks |
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Humayun's Tomb
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- 1st grand Mughal garden tomb placed in middle of char bagh (four part garden divided by four water channels)
- More Indian (Red sandstone) - Persian features -Geometric decoration |
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Fatehpur Sikri
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- Akbar's most ambitious project - - His new capital (S of New Delhi)
- Abandoned within 15 years |
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Shah Jahan
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- 1628-1658
- Mughal architecture use more marble extensively than before - Taj Mahal |
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Taj Mahal
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- 1631-1643
- Central tomb contains Shah Jahan's wife (Mumtaz Mahal) and Shah Jahan |
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Who did the architect of Taj Mahal?
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Ustad Ahmed Lahori
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Who was the calligrapher for Taj Mahal?
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Amanat Khan
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What was Shah Jahan's new capital city's name?
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- Shahjahanabad (Abode of Shah Jahan)
- 1648 |
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Cenotaphs
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tomb honoring a person
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Jami Mosque
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- c. 1650-1656
- Located in Shahjahanabad - Red sandstone |
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Where is Shahjahanabad located?
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North of Mughal Delhi
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What is the earliest surviving illustrated manuscripts in W Indian style
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12th c.
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What did Sultanate art of the book introduce?
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paper to Indian paintings
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Bahmani
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- mid - 14th c.
- Kingdom of Vijayanagara (ruled by Hindu monarchs) - |
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When did 5 smaller Deccani sultanates form in Bahmani?
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16th c.
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Bijapur
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- Deccani Sultanates
- formed under Ibrahim Adil Shah II - efflorescence painting, "the S Indian vision of Iran" |
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Jahangir
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- 1605-1627
- Son of Akbar - Symbolic relationship between patron and artist - Associate flower, animal and literary painting to Jahangir |
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Nur Jahan
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- Jahangir's wife
- one women patrons in India - popularized the use of realistic figures - Her greater contribution lay in architecture and gardens |
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How did Mughal Empire influence art?
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- Secular, pluralistic outlook: urbanism, individualism and more objective approach to nature
- engagement with external world, realism - close relationship between patron and artist |
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17th c. paintings is dominated by two tendencies:
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formal Persian arrangement of lines and colors and the new requirements of naturalism (inspired by European prints)
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Mughal painting reflects Akbar's policies of cultural synthesis:
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flat decorative beginnings through blend with the lively Rajasthani style and the move towards realism
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Mughal paintings were also know as what and why?
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miniatures, all work was illustration of manuscripts
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Two artists who earned privileged positions close to the throne:
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Dasavanth and Basavan
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What was Basavan's specialty?
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- specialty was portraiture
- responsible for composition |
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When was Islam introduced to Sumatra and Java?
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introduced in 14th-15th c.
- gaining large number of followers in Asia |
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Muslim art
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abstract ideas rather than openly expressed or graphic symbolism
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Javanese legend of nine walis (saints) who were the 1st propagate the faith there
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some described as Chinese descent
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What helped Islam spread religion to Asia?
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Growing prosperity of Islamic trading center
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What kind of beliefs of Islam did SE Asia accommodate?
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older beliefs and social practices (magic, ritual and spirituality)
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Batik
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- medium Hindu forms given a new Islamic interpretation
- Art of decorating cloth with a wax-resisted dye - In Java, for royal use |
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Early mosques
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- adapted from the local timber pavilions/ palaces were on square plan and had a hipped roof
- sites that were already sacred, recycling materials from existing structures |
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Peksinagaliman
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mythical beast fusing elements from various sources
- Batik Motif derived from Islamic and Hindu traditions |
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Calligraphy: Malaysia and Java
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- Malay manuscripts were rarely illustrated as Javanese
Javanese, less constrained by Islamic disapproval of depiction of human figure |
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Cirebon
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major part in articulation of religious ideas and talismanic properties of holy scriptures invoked in number of media
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