Judging the history of the male homosocial relationship in pre-modern society of Iran, the reader can approach examining Persian miniature paintings two interrelated standpoints. The first standpoint deals with the discernible presence of young beardless courtiers who were in the entourage of kings serving as hunting and war attendants, musicians and entertainers, valets and equerries. As a figurative element in the miniatures, the young companions with beautiful round faces, side curls on cheeks and elaborated dresses, signify the participation of a third gender, usually a young adult (Shaheed) or an eunuch (Khajeh) in the normative social life of pre-modern Iran based on homophilic acceptance. On one hand this approach links and shows the formal similarities between the Persian literature and art in terms of showcasing the ideal picture of love and on the other hand it sheds lights on the new ways for reading Iranian-Islamic art from a different
Judging the history of the male homosocial relationship in pre-modern society of Iran, the reader can approach examining Persian miniature paintings two interrelated standpoints. The first standpoint deals with the discernible presence of young beardless courtiers who were in the entourage of kings serving as hunting and war attendants, musicians and entertainers, valets and equerries. As a figurative element in the miniatures, the young companions with beautiful round faces, side curls on cheeks and elaborated dresses, signify the participation of a third gender, usually a young adult (Shaheed) or an eunuch (Khajeh) in the normative social life of pre-modern Iran based on homophilic acceptance. On one hand this approach links and shows the formal similarities between the Persian literature and art in terms of showcasing the ideal picture of love and on the other hand it sheds lights on the new ways for reading Iranian-Islamic art from a different