Insects In Society Exam 2

Front 1

how do insects make vibration noises that are so loud to us?

Back 1

tymbal muscle contracts, moves membrane, and air sac amplifies sound

Front 2

what are ommatidia?

Back 2

hexagonal facets that make up the eye, connected to nervous system

Front 3

how do insects focus their vision?

Back 3

rely on different ommatidia to fix on a point

Front 4

what kind of cues to nectar guides give insects?

Back 4

color & odor

Front 5

what are ocelli? where are they?

Back 5

simple eyes used to determine photoperiod and induce diapause
->on top of head

Front 6

what are stemmata?

Back 6

simple eyes used for vision by larvae

Front 7

what are giant axons?

Back 7

"interstate highway" nerves on legs of cockroaches used for rapid transmission of nerve impulses

Front 8

what is a typanum? where are they? what is their function?

Back 8

a specialized mechanoreceptor like our ear drum... found on legs, abdomen, thorax, wings
-avoid predators and find mates

Front 9

where are olfactory chemoreceptors found? what do they respond to?

Back 9

on the antannea, respond to airborne chemicals (individual molecules)

Front 10

how do insects search for food and mates using smell?

Back 10

zig zag back and forth in general direction then hone in closer

Front 11

where are taste chemoreceptors found?

Back 11

mouthparts (most insects), tarsi aka lower legs (flies, butterflies, bees), antennae (bees), ovipositor

Front 12

what carolus linnaeus do? what is he the "father of"?

Back 12

-published studies that made people realize a species comes from reproduction
-father of taxonomy & classification

Front 13

what finished off the roman empire?

Back 13

plague of Justinian in Egypt

Front 14

why did the US get the LA purchase?

Back 14

yellow fever killed frenchmen in haiti, the work almost broke napoleon, so he had to make $

Front 15

what was the first war in which insect-transmitted diseases did not play a major role in the outcome? why was this?

Back 15

WWII--> DDT, effective chemical insecticide, developed & better medical care

Front 16

what was the north accused of doing to the south in the civil war?

Back 16

releasing harlequin bug that destroyed crops

Front 17

what was the Pingfan project?

Back 17

WWII- japanese produced millions of fleas and microbes and diseases from them and dropped them on russia and china

Front 18

what did Gerhardt Schrader do?

Back 18

tested insecticides that led to development of tabun and sarin nerve gases

Front 19

insects are __% protein and __% fat

Back 19

60% protein and 6% fat

Front 20

what is used to treat malaria in non-resistant areas? in resistant areas?

Back 20

nonresistant: cloroquinone
resistant: methloquinone

Front 21

why is eastern equine encephalitis the most dangerous?

Back 21

it inflames cells in the central nervous system

Front 22

does encephalitis require 2 hosts?

Back 22

no

Front 23

what diseases are caused by a protozoan?

Back 23

malaria, sleeping sickness

Front 24

what diseases are caused by a virus?

Back 24

yellow fever & encephalitis

Front 25

what diseases are caused by a nematode?

Back 25

elephantiasis (filariasis), river blindness

Front 26

what does filariasis (elephantiasis) infect? why do enlargements happen?

Back 26

-nematodes collect in lymphatic system and gravity takes them to lower extremities, enlargements b/c blockage of lymph drainage

Front 27

what is sleeping sickness vectored by? what does it attack? what is end result?

Back 27

tsetse fly
attacks lymphatic then central nervous system
destroys brain & functioning

Front 28

what kills more ppl than HIV/AIDS in africa?

Back 28

sleeping sickness

Front 29

what is river blindness vectored by? where do the worms go?

Back 29

biting black flies
worms migrate to eyes and cause damage/blindness, and serious skin deformations

Front 30

how does typhus get into your body?

Back 30

louse carry rickettsia, poop it out, ppl scratch feces into open wound and get infected

Front 31

how do people get chagas' disease- mode and insect?

Back 31

same as typhus (ppl scratch feces into wound)
-assassin bug carries trypanosome (PROTOZOAN!)

Front 32

what is the causal agent of lyme disease?

Back 32

a spirochete bacterium (borrelia burgdorferi)

Front 33

when are ticks most dangerous?

Back 33

may-august-> nymphs active

Front 34

what is the vector of leishmaniasis? how does it attack body?

Back 34

sandfly
-protozoan attack "hunter-killer" phagocytes in the immune system, weakens person and goes undetected by other cells

Front 35

what is Kala-Azar? what does it do to body? how is mortality rate?

Back 35

-visceral leismaniasis
-anemia, enlarged liver & spleen, weakened immune system
-mortality extremely high if untreated

Front 36

what does dermal leishmaniasis come from? is it hard to treat?

Back 36

-once leishmaniasis is treated, the protozoan can change form and attack macrophages in skin
-very hard to treat, doesn't respond well

Front 37

what is the problem with treatment for leishmaniasis? why did it start spreading again?

Back 37

-too expensive for developing countries to afford & hard to explain directions well (ppl use it wrong so it leads to drug resistant protozoans, eek!)
-phased out w/ DDT spraying, but that was deemed ineffective for malaria and stopped, so leish. came back

Front 38

what is west nile virus? what is the main reservoir host? what is disease like?

Back 38

a form of encephalitis
-birds! (migratory-> spread it a lot)
-flu-like: ppl don't know they have it a lot (80%)

Front 39

what is Nagana? what is the annual cost in africa? what does this loss of cattle lead to?

Back 39

-sleeping sickness in cattle
-$5 billion
-protein deficiency