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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mole |
amount of a substance containing same number of chemical species (atom/molecule/ion), as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12 |
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Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) |
average mass of an atom, taking into account the relative abundances of all its isotopes, relative to an atom of C-12 |
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Relative Molecular Mass (Mr) |
Sum of relative atomic masses of the atoms making up the molecule |
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Mass Number (A) |
Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Atomic Number (Z) |
Number of protons in the nucleus - marker of the atom's identity and is equal to the number of electrons |
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Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
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Atomic emission spectra |
- Line spectrum that occurs as a result of energy being supplied to atoms, causing electron excitation. This raises them from the ground state to a higher energy level. - Electrons falling back to lower energy levels, emit energy that is observable on a spectrum. - Electrons only exist in fixed energy levels, the energy in the emissions are characteristic for each type of atom. - Lines converge toward high energy end of spectrum as the energy levels themselves are convergent. |
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Ionisation Energy |
Minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the ground state of a gaseous atom, ion or molecule |
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First Ionisation Energy |
Energy needed for first valence electron to be liberated from the particles in one mole of a substance in gaseous form |
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Electronegativity |
Ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond |
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Chemical Properties |
Determined by number of electrons in the outer shell |
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Mass Spectrometer |
A device for determining relative atomic masses and their relative abundances (VIADD) |
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Atomic Radius |
half the distance between the nuclei of 2 adjacent atoms (this increases across a group/decreases down a period) - increase in number of electron shells/ attraction between nucleus and other electrons increases |
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Ionic Radius |
1) Positive ions smaller than parent atoms 2) Negative ions bigger than parent atoms |
