Ib Chemistry Sl - Option D Definitions (Medicine & Drugs)

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Acyclovir (also known as aciclovir)

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Antiviral drug that is used to fight herpes virus infections

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Alginates

Back 2

Polymers derived from brown seaweeds, which are added to antacid mixtures to form a neutral layer on the top of the stomach acid

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Analgesics

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Pharmaceutical that relieves or prevents pain

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Antacid

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Base that neutralizes the excess acidity and relieves the pain associated with heatburn and peptic ulcers

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Anti-foaming agents

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Chemicals that reduce surface tensions of gas bubbles, coasing them to coalesce, e. g. dimethicone

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Anxiolytics

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Drugs used to treat anxiety disorders

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Chiral

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Molecule without a plane of symmetry

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Depressant

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Chemical agent that diminishes function or activity of a specific part of body, in particular central nervous system

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Effective dosage (ED50)

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Amount of pharmaceutical that would produce therapeutic response in 50% of population

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Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC)

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Type of chromatography that uses liquid stationary phase and gaseous mobile phase or carrier gas

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HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)

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Virus that causes AIDS

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Intramuscular

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Into a muscle

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Intravenous

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Into a vein

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Lethal dosage (LD50)

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Amount of pharmaceutical that would kill (be lethal to) 50% of population

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Narcotic

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Analgesic that produces euphoria and causes loss of feeling of paralysis

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Pathogenic

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Disease-causing

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Placebo

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Pharmaceutically inert tablet (contains no medicine)

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Placebo effect

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Psychosomatic response to substance that should be ineffective

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Prophylactic

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Medication or treatment designed and disease to prevent disease from occuring

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Protease inhibitors

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Antiviriral drugs that act on enzyme responsible for cleaving polypeptydes made in the host cell by proviral DNA and so preventing the synthesis of structural proteins for new virions

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Retrovirus

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Protein-enveloped virus possessing RNA genome that replicates via DNA intermediate

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Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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Anti-HIV drugs which interfere with process of transcription of proviral DNA by either inihibiting enzyme or competing with host cellular triphosphate nucleosides

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Side-effects

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Unwanted response to drug; not main effect of drug

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Stimulant

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Drug that stimulates central nervous system, making user feel less tired and more alert

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Subcutaneous

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Under skin

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Sympathomimetic drugs

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Drugs that mimic action of hormones such as epinephrine and neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline in the way in which they affect body

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Synergistic effect

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Enhancement of effect of one drug when taken in conjunction with another, e.g. ethanol (alcohol)

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Therapeutic window

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Ratio of lethal dose (LD50) to effective dose (ED50), i.e. LD50/ED50

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Tolerance

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Body's ability to adsorb increasing amounts of drug over time without experiencing effect of drug

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Vasoconstrictor

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Drug that makes blood vessels narrower

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Virion

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Complete virus particle, consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by protective coat of protein