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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of prokaryote |
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function of Cell Wall |
A rigid outer layer made of peptidoglycan that maintains shape and protects the cell from damage or bursting if internal pressure is high |
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funtion of Cell Membrane |
Semi-permeable barrier that controls the entry and exit of substances |
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funtion of Cytoplasm |
Fluid component which contains the enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions |
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function of Nucleoid |
Region of the cytoplasm which contains the genophore (the prokaryotic DNA) |
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funtion of Plasmid |
Additional DNA molecule that can exist and replicate independently of the genophore - it can be transmitted between bacterial species |
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function of Ribosome |
Complexes of RNA and protein that are responsible for polypeptide synthesis (prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotes - 70S) |
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function of Slime Capsule |
A thick polysaccharide layer used for protection against dessication (drying out) and phagocytosis |
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function of Flagella (singular flagellum) |
Long, slender projection containing a motor protein which spins the flagella like a propellor, enabling movement |
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function of Pili (singular pilus) |
Hair-like extensions found on bacteria which can serve one of two roles:
1. Shorter in length, they allow bacteria to adhere to one another or to available surfaces
2. Shorter in length, they allow bacteria to adhere to one another or to available surfaces |
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Identify structures of a prokaryot in electron micrographs of E. coli |
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State that bacterial cells divide by binary fission |
Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by prokaryotic organisms It is not the same as mitosis, there is no condensation of genetic material and no spindle formation In the process of binary fission: * The circular DNA is copied in response to a replication signal* The two DNA loops attach to the membrane * The membrane elongates and pinches off (cytokinesis) forming two separate cells
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