Humanities Test 2

Front 1

what are the locations of the caves in which ancient paintings have been discovered?

Back 1

*FRANCE AND SPAIN
1. Ardeche River Gorge in southern France
2. Altamira in northern Spain
3. west of the Ardeche, Lascaux cave

Front 2

4. In which nation was the Willendorf Venus discovered?

Back 2

Willendorf, Austria
(short fat woman scuplture )

Front 3

5. what feature on the Willendorf Venus was NOT carved, but instead a natural indentation in the stone?

Back 3

her naval

Front 4

7. which nation is mentioned as a source for painted pottery that featured highly stylized animals, including the ibex?

Back 4

Susa, on the Iranian plateau
* Iran

Front 5

16. Among all the residents of Mesopotamia, which was the only monotheistic group?

Back 5

Hebrews

Front 6

17. What are the subjects illustrates in the two main panels of the rectangular box known as the Standard of Ur?

Back 6

War and Peace

Front 7

19. What term refers to the pictorial convention in whcih the most important figures are represented in a larger size than the others?

Back 7

social perspecitve, or hierarchy of scale

Front 8

20. Which leader guided the Akkadians to conq2uer virtually all other cities in Mesopotomia and named humself "King of the Four Quarters of the World"?

Back 8

Sargon

Front 9

21. What is considered the first existing monumental work made thought the lost wax casting technique?

Back 9

Naramsin
the head of the Addadian man, from Nineveh

Front 10

22. Discuss what the Law Code of Hammurabi tells us about family relations and class division in Mesoptamian society

Back 10

Eye for an eye, retaliation in kind

Front 11

25. what term refers to a state ruled by a godor by gods representative?

Back 11

theocracy

Front 12

28. In ancient Egyptian religion, who ruled the underworld and was god of the dead?

Back 12

`Osiris

Front 13

29. In ancient Egyptian religion, who was the child of Osiris and Isis

Back 13

Horus

Front 14

31. In ancient Egyptian religion, what was comparible to an enduring "soul" or "life force", a concept shared by many other religions?

Back 14

the "ka"

Front 15

37. what term refers to good and righteous conduct reflecting the cosmic moral order that underlies all existance?

Back 15

dharma

Front 16

39. describe characteristics of Paleolithic and time period
*4

Back 16

40,000-10,000 BC
1. "old stone, ice age"
2. used stone and bone tools for hunting ,fishing, gathering
3. dogs and goats were domesticated
4. art was invented

Front 17

40. what is "cuneiform" and who invented it?

Back 17

1. writing, and sybols
2. neolithic invented- Summarians/ Mesopotamians

Front 18

42. describe the Mesopotamian gods

Back 18

1. sky gods
2. powerful and immortal, frivolous, selfish
3. quarrelsome, petty, and childish
4. thought to control natural disasters and hostile raids by enemies

Front 19

43. how did the ancient Sumerians attempt to keep the gods happy?

Back 19

thu prayer, ritual, incantations (spells), magic

Front 20

45. what are the ziggurats?

Back 20

Sumerian temples, adobe temple hills to get closer to gods
*massive man made hills made from sun dried mud bricks to get closer to the sky gods

Front 21

47. what purposes did Assyrian art serve?

Back 21

1. glories king as mighty hunter and impeccable warrior
2. intimidates foes
3. wards off evil spirits

Front 22

48. what standard policy was used by Assurnasirpal II to guarantee fear of him and his army?

Back 22

1. had his closest friends executed
2. people gathered in the city center to have hands and feet cut off
*after capturing his enemy tow, had soldiers roundup surviving inhabitants, cut off their hands and feet and piled themi n the town square to bleed to death

Front 23

51. who was Ahura Mazda
2. Ahriman?

Back 23

1. creator god of Zoroastrianism, principle of truth, holy spirit, force of good, existed before the world was born, loving god
2. the evil one, creator of evil, created so that people might, through struggle, appreciate goodness

Front 24

52. How did Zoroastrinianism differ from the polytheistic religion of the ancient Sumerians?

Back 24

Practical moral living, believes in a afterlife, personal religion, no rituals, or temples

Front 25

53. what is the House of Songs?
2. what is the House of Lies?

Back 25

1. heaven
2. hell

Front 26

55. why were the Mesopotamians attacked more than the Egyptians?

Back 26

Egypt was protected by Mediteranian Sea, cataract (large waterfall), mountains, and Sahara desert

Front 27

56. Why were the egyptians able to produce 2 crops per year

Back 27

Nile River, great weather conditions (dry and sunny), soil was really fertile, and had few natural disasters

Front 28

58. what is the Ka?
2. what happened to Ka at death?
3. what is a ba?

Back 28

1. indestructable vital force in each person
2. leaves the body to be judged, after judegment would return to the body and afterlife
3. when ka leaves the body and turns into a bird

Front 29

59. what is the legend of Osiris?

Back 29

Osiris god the Nile was chopped us into pieces by his brother Set, and was put back together by Isis and restored back to life
Osiris regained the kingdom, and Horus avenged his father's death by killing Set

Front 30

60. what were the two morals of the Osiris legend?

Back 30

1. life after death
2. good triumphs evil

Front 31

61. what were hieroglyphs?

Back 31

letters, symbols, that could make up words

Front 32

62. what were the basic conventions of Egyptian art?
*5

Back 32

1. face, arms, legs in profile
2. eye and torso view was straighton
3. 2D
4. fingers were all even length
5. palms usually shown

Front 33

64. what is the name or are some of the names of Egyptian sun god?

Back 33

1. Aton
2. Ra/ Re

Front 34

1. what Greek term can be translated as "circle"

Back 34

Kyklos

Front 35

2. who is the legendary ruler of Crete's ancient capital, Knossos?

Back 35

King Minos

Front 36

4. who provided Thesus with a weapon and thread to help him kill the Minotaur

Back 36

Ariadne, a daughter of Minos
* she gave him a sword and thread to lead himself out of the maze

Front 37

5. who is considered the author of the Illiad and the Odyssey?

Back 37

Homer

Front 38

7. who is best remembered as the King of Troy during the action of the Illiad?

Back 38

Priam

Front 39

8. who was the Trojan prince and warrior that killed Patroclus and enraged Achilles during the action of the Illiad?

Back 39

Hector

Front 40

9. who is the wife of Odysseus

Back 40

Penelope

Front 41

10. what ancient structure is a citadel city that depended on cyclpean masonry for its construction and was entered through a massive Lion Gate?

Back 41

walls of the Mycenae City

Front 42

12. during the action of the Illiad, who was considered the greatest warrior among the Greeks battling against the Trojans?

Back 42

Achilles

Front 43

13. what term translates as "top of the city" and refers to the portion of the ancient greek city state that functioned as its religios center?

Back 43

Acropolis

Front 44

16. in ancient greek architecture, which order featured scrolled capitals?

Back 44

Ionic order

Front 45

17. On an ancient Greek temple, the columns, swell about 1/3 of the way up and contract again near the top. what term refers to this characteristic?

Back 45

entasis

Front 46

18. who instituted the first Athenian democracy in 508 BCE?

Back 46

Kleisthenes

Front 47

19. what term became part of the Athenian political system and refers to small local areas comparable to precincts or wards in a modern city?

Back 47

demes

Front 48

22. who is the author of an extensive History of the Persian Wars and is recognized as the first writer in the western tradition who devoted himself to historical writing?

Back 48

Herodotus

Front 49

23. who cast the bronze staue known as Doryphoros (spear bearer), which was celebrated throughout the ancient world as a demonstration of a treatise on proportions of the human body?

Back 49

Polyclitus

Front 50

24. on the Athenian Acropolis, which of the following was considered the centerpiece?

Back 50

the parthenon

Front 51

29. who specialized in writing comedies and is playwright for Lysistrata

Back 51

Aristophanes

Front 52

31. rumers about the forces of the kingdom of the Ganges discouraged Alexanders army from advancing farther to the east in the Indian peninsula. what imposing component might this Ganges army have had?

Back 52

5,000 elephants

Front 53

32. according to Aristotles Poetics, who undergoes the cathasis (the cleansing. purification, or purgation of the soul)

Back 53

the audience
* experience change , just as change is always accompanied by understanding

Front 54

43. descirbe the marble idols left behind by the Cycladics
*6

Back 54

marble
2. naked females
3. slender
4. defined nose
5. abstract
6. arms folded

Front 55

49. what does Minoan art emphasize?
2. what is noticeably absent from Minoan art?

Back 55

animals, insects, nature
2. no warfare or hunting scenery

Front 56

50. what did the Snake Goddess represent?

Back 56

regeneration

Front 57

56. explain what reformer- Pisistratos did and years
*5

Back 57

570-528 BC
1. dismembered large estates and redistributed it to the peasants
2. initiated public work projects
3. immigrated Simonedes and Anacreon
4. commissoned 2st scholarly editions of Homeric poems
5. poems in Arcadian dialect united all of Greece under one language with a common folklore

Front 58

56. explain what reformer- Kleisthenes did and year

Back 58

570-508 BC
1. divided Athens into demes_10neighborhoods all having the hill. plane, and sea
2. represenatives must be district residents
3. reverse gerrymandering
4. 50 representatives from each district and a council of 500
5. Executive branch- 10 generals, 1 commander in chief
6. ended oligarchy
7. gave birth to democracy

Front 59

what are the 10 last names of western philosophers

Back 59

Kant
Heidegger
Hume
hegal
Wittgenstein
Shlegel
Nietzsche
Mill
Hobbs
Descartes

Front 60

what did Hume believe

Back 60

he argued against the existence of innate ideas, concluding instead that humans have knowledge only of things they directly experience.
*desire rather than reason governed human behavior

Front 61

Greek philosophers
1. Herakleitos believed?
2. Pythagoras believed?

Back 61

1. "everything is becoming"
What governs change? Logos(word)
2. "music of the spheres"

Front 62

Great Classical Greek philosophers
1. never wrote anything down, said words are too concrete and apply to the situation at hand
2. defined reality as unchanging and not detectable thru the senses. Ideas reality, not objects
3. concrete knowledge trumps theoretical pondering

Back 62

1. Socrates
2. plato "Aristocles"
3. aristotle

Front 63

name the three classical greek philosophers

Back 63

socrates
plato
aristotle

Front 64

Hellenistic period philosophers
1. codified geometry and expanded upon pythag.
2. knew about pulleys, leverage, buoyancy, density
3. accurately measured the circumference of earth

Back 64

1. euclid
2. archimedes
3. eratosthenes

Front 65

who were the 2 romans that influenced Roman Comedy

Back 65

1. Plautus
2. Terence

Front 66

describe the Critical of Roms "bread and Circuses"

Back 66

phrase by Juvenal
to sedate the masses to stop recvolting, gives free entertainment and food to the poor to distract them from their miserable lives

Front 67

who was the Roman/Jewish historian that gave us a lot of information about Christian movement

Back 67

Josephus

Front 68

1. what river is associated with the city of Rome

Back 68

Tiber River

Front 69

2. which refers to the land owning aristocrats who served as priests, magistrates, lawyers, and judges in ancient Rome?

Back 69

Patricians

Front 70

3. which term refers to the poorer class who were the craftspeople,merchants, and laborers in ancient Rome?

Back 70

plebeians

Front 71

5. who was among those who stabbed Julius Caesar on the floor of the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE

Back 71

Brutus

Front 72

6. who was the roman rhetorician who recognized the power of the latin language to communicate with the people

Back 72

Cicero

Front 73

8. who was the author of Aeneid

Back 73

Virgil

Front 74

10. which of the following terms refers to the sand that covered the floor of the Colosseum

Back 74

arena

Front 75

11. which orders of architecture are included in the Coliseum

Back 75

1st ground- Doric
2nd Ionic
3rd Corinthian

Front 76

12. which structure has an oculus

Back 76

the pantheon, a hole in the roof

Front 77

16. what is an oligarchy

Back 77

government ruled by a few

Front 78

22. who did Julius Caesar become a dictator?
2. how long was his term?

Back 78

1. by appointing himself
2. about one year

Front 79

26. what is the Pax Romana?

Back 79

Period of Roman peace