Human Development Exam 3

Front 1

emotions

Back 1

subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes

Front 2

self conscious emotions

Back 2

emotions, such as embarrassment,empathy,and envy, that depend on self awareness

Front 3

self-awareness

Back 3

realization that one's existence and functioning are separate from those of other people

Front 4

self-evaluative emotions

Back 4

emotions,such as pride,shame,and guilt that depend on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior

Front 5

empathy

Back 5

ability to put oneself in another person's place and feel what the other person feels

Front 6

social cognition

Back 6

ability to understand that other people have mental stages and to gauge their feelings and intentions

Front 7

egocentrism

Back 7

Piaget's term for inability to consider another person's point of view; a characteristic of young children's thought

Front 8

temperament

Back 8

characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations

Front 9

easy children

Back 9

children with generally happy temperament,regular biological rythms, and readiness to except new experience

Front 10

difficult children

Back 10

children with irritable temperament,irregular biological rhythms, and intense emotional responses

Front 11

slow-to-warm children

Back 11

children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitent to except new experiences

Front 12

goodness to fit

Back 12

appropriatness of environmental demands and constraints to a childs temperment

Front 13

gender-typing

Back 13

socialization process by which children, at an early age learn appropriate gender roles

Front 14

basic trust vs basic mistrust

Back 14

erikson's first crisis in psychosocial development in which infants develop a sense of the reliability of people and objects

Front 15

attachement

Back 15

reciprocal,enduring tie between two people especially between infant and caregiver

Front 16

strange situation

Back 16

laboratory technique used to study infant attachment

Front 17

secure attachment

Back 17

pattern in which an infant cries or protests when the primary caregiver leaves and actively seeks out the caregiver upon his or her return

Front 18

avoidant attachment

Back 18

pattern in which an infant rarely cries when seperated from primary caregiver and avoids contact upon his or her return

Front 19

ambivalent (resistant) attachment

Back 19

pattern in which an infant becomes anxious before the primary caregiver leaves is extremely upset during their absence and both seeks and resists contact on his or her return

Front 20

disorganized-disoriented attachment

Back 20

pattern in which an infant after seperation from the primary caregiver shows contradictory behaviors upon his or her return

Front 21

stranger anxiety

Back 21

wariness of strange people and places,shown by some infants during the second half of the first year

Front 22

separation anxiety

Back 22

distress shown by someone typically an infant when a familiar caregiver leaves

Front 23

self concept

Back 23

sense of self: descriptive evaluative mental picture of one's abilties and traits

Front 24

self efficacy

Back 24

sense of one's own capability to master challenges and achieve goal

Front 25

self regualtion

Back 25

a persons independent control of behavior to conform to understood social expectations

Front 26

discipline

Back 26

methods of modeling children's character and of teaching them to exercise self control

Front 27

power assertion

Back 27

discourage undesirable behavior through physical or verbal enforcement of parental control

Front 28

gender differences

Back 28

psychological or behavioral differences between males and females

Front 29

sex differences

Back 29

physical differences between males and females

Front 30

gender roles

Back 30

behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that culture considers appropriate for each sex

Front 31

gender typing

Back 31

socialization process where children at an early age learn appropriate gender roles

Front 32

gender stereotypes

Back 32

preconcieved generalizations about male or female behavior

Front 33

functional play

Back 33

play involving repetative muscular movements

Front 34

constructive play

Back 34

play involving use of objects or materials to make something

Front 35

pretend play

Back 35

play involving imaginary people or situation

Front 36

unoccupied behavior

Back 36

child isn't playing but watches anything interesting

Front 37

onlooker behavior

Back 37

watches other kids play but doesn't play with them

Front 38

solitary/ independent play

Back 38

plays by themselves and makes no effort to play with the other children around them

Front 39

parallel play

Back 39

plays independently among other children

Front 40

associative play

Back 40

child plays with others and talks about the games they are playing

Front 41

organized play

Back 41

plays organized games and one or two children control the group

Front 42

authoritarian

Back 42

emphasizes control and obedience

Front 43

permissive

Back 43

emphasizing self-expression and self regulation

Front 44

authoritative

Back 44

blending respect for a child's individuality with an effort to instill social values

Front 45

sociometric popularity

Back 45

which peers children like the most and least

Front 46

popular

Back 46

people who have many positive nominations

Front 47

rejected

Back 47

people who have many negative nominations

Front 48

neglected

Back 48

people who have few nominations of either kind

Front 49

average

Back 49

people who don't recieve an unusual amount of either

Front 50

percieved popularity

Back 50

which children are liked best by their peers

Front 51

resilient children

Back 51

those who weather adverse circumstances

Front 52

identity statuses

Back 52

states of ego development that depend on the prescence or absence of a crisis or commitment

Front 53

identity acheivement

Back 53

characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis or period spent in exploring alternatives

Front 54

foreclosure

Back 54

person who hasn't spent time considering alternatives is committed to other people's plans for his or her life

Front 55

moratorium

Back 55

person is currently considering alternatives and seems headed for commitment

Front 56

identity diffusion

Back 56

absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives

Front 57

cliques

Back 57

expanded circles of friends considering young people of the same age,gender,ethnicity and membership is based on popularity status

Front 58

member of a clique

Back 58

ties are within the group

Front 59

liason of a clique

Back 59

has ties to one or more cliques

Front 60

isolate

Back 60

not connected with any clique

Front 61

life structure

Back 61

underlying pattern or design of a person's life at a given time

Front 62

triangular subtheory of love

Back 62

patterns of love hinge on the balance among three elements; intimacy passion and commitment

Front 63

intimacy

Back 63

emotional element involving self disclosure which leads to connection warmth and trust

Front 64

passion

Back 64

motivational element based on inner desires that translate physiological arousals into sexual desires

Front 65

commitment

Back 65

cognitive element; is the decision to love and stay with the beloved

Front 66

single representations

Back 66

first stage in development of self definition in which children describe themselves in terms of individual unconnected characteristics and in all or nothing terms

Front 67

instrumental aggression

Back 67

aggressive behavior used as means of achieving a goal

Front 68

hostile aggression

Back 68

aggressive behavior intended to hurt another person

Front 69

normative life events

Back 69

in the timing of events model commonly expected experience that occur at customary times

Front 70

ego-control

Back 70

self control

Front 71

ego-resilency

Back 71

adaptability under potential sources of stress

Front 72

developmental tasks

Back 72

in normative stage theories typical changes that need to be mastered for succsessful adaptation to each stage of life

Front 73

disengagement theory

Back 73

theory of aging which holds that successful aging is characterized by mutual withdrawl between the old person and society

Front 74

adolescent rebellion

Back 74

pattern of emotional turmoil characteristic of a minority of adolescents which may involve conflict with family, alienation from society, reckless behavior and rejection of adult values

Front 75

activity theory

Back 75

theory of aging which holds that in order to age successfully a person must remain as active as possible

Front 76

life review

Back 76

reminisce about one's life in order to see its significance

Front 77

revolving door syndrome

Back 77

tendency for young adults who have left home to return to their parent's households in times of financial,material,or other trouble

Front 78

sandwich generation

Back 78

middle-aged adults squeezed by competeing needs to raise or launch children and to care for elderly parents