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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an atom?
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Smallest unit of an element, composed of electrons, protons and neutrons.
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What is a molecule?
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Union of two or more atoms.
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What is a compound?
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Union of two or more DIFFERENT atoms.
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What is tissue?
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A group of cells with a common action or structure.
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What is an organ?
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tissues functioning for a single task.
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What is an organ system?
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Several organs working together.
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What is an organism?
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An individual; complex individuals contain organ system.
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What is a population?
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Organisms of the same species in a particular area.
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What is a community?
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Interacting populations of a specific area.
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What is an ecosystem?
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A community and its environment.
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What is a biosphere?
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Regions of earth's crust, water, and atmosphere inhabited by living beings.
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What are the 7 characteristics of life?
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1.) Are highly organized
2.) Acquire materials and energy 3.) Reproductive 4.) Growth and development 5.) Are homeostatic 6.) Responds to stimuli 7.) Have an evolutionary history |
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What is metabolism?
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The chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided.
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What is photosynthesis?
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The process, used by plant life, of turning sunlight into chemical energy.
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What is biology?
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Study of living organisms.
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What is a species?
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Group of interbreeding organisms.
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What is homeostasis?
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The ability to maintain internal conditions inside a cell or organisms under normal circumstances.
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What is reproduction?
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To create a copy of oneself.
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What are genes?
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Short sequences of hereditary material that specify instructions for a specific trait.
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What is a mutation?
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Slight changes in genes to better suit its environment.
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What is evolution?
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The process by which species change over time.
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What other animals are humans related to?
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Apes.
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What is the place of humans among living organisms?
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Eukarya - Animals - Vertebrates
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What is the relationship between humans and the biosphere, and how does culture play into that?
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Humans plant,and eat what we've collected. We also use natural resources to fit our needs. Depending on your culture, you may use up more natural resources than other cultures do.
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What 3 domains to scientists classify living things into?
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Eukarya
Bacteria Archaea |
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What kind of living things are classified into Bacteria and Archaea categories?
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One celled organisms with no nucleus.
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What are the 4 kingdoms?
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Plants
Fungi Animals Protists |
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What 2 types of animals are there?
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Vertebrates
Invertebrates |
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What are vertebrates?
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Animals with nerve cords protected by a vertebral column.
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What are invertebrates?
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Animals with no nerve cords and no vertebral column.
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How do humans threaten the biosphere?
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By cutting down trees, using up water supplies, industrialization changes our ecosystems and biosphere.
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What is biodiversity?
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The number of different species present.
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What is extinction?
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Death of a species.
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What is a cell?
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The smallest functional, structural unit of living organisms.
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What is adaptation?
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When a whole species shows the same variation in genes.
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What is a conclusion?
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A step in Scientific Method that collects the data, to see if it supports or disproves your hypothesis.
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What is a control group?
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In an experiment you have a group that does not receive treatment like the rest. This way you have something to compare your results to.
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What is culture?
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Activities, products, and customs passed from one generation to another.
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What is data?
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Results collected from experiments.
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What is development?
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All the changes from the fertilized egg to adulthood.
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What is an experiment?
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An artificial situation made to test a hypothesis.
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What is an experimental variable?
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The variable you change in order to get the desired results.
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What is a hypothesis?
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Information from various sources used to make a testable statement.
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What does multicellular mean?
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Made up of different kinds of cells.
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What is a placebo?
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A blank pill. One with no medication in it. Used for control groups.
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What is a principle?
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A theory the is accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists.
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What does the scientific method look like?
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Observation
↓ Hypothesis ↓ Experiment/Observation ↓ Conclusion (if it doesn't support your hypothesis, start back at the top) ↓ Scientific Theory |
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What is a scientific theory?
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A theory that is supported by many experiments and theories.
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What is standard error?
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Number used in statistical data the range of error in the data.
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What is technology?
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Use of scientific data for the benefit of humans.
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What is a test group?
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The group that takes medication for a specific issue during an experiment.
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_____ Zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found.
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Biosphere
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_____Smallest unit of a human being and all living things.
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Cells
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_____Concept supported by a broad range of observations, experiments and conclusions.
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Scientific Theory
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_____An internal environment that normally varies within only certain limits.
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Homeostasis
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_____An artificial situation devised to test a hypothesis.
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Experiment.
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The level of organization that includes two or more tissues that work together is a/an
a. organ b. tissue c. organ system d. organism |
a. organ
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The level of organization most responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis is the ________ level.
a. cellular b. organ system c. organ d. tissue |
c. organ
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The level of organization that includes all the populations in a given area along with the physical environment would be a/an
a. community b. ecosystem c. biosphere d. tribe |
b. ecosystem
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What best describes the evolutionary relationship between humans and apes?
a. Humans evolved from apes b. Humans and chimpanzees evolved from apes c. Humans and apes evolved from a common apelike ancestor d. Chimpanzees evolved from humans |
c. Humans and apes evolved from a common apelike ancestor
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What is acid?
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acids are substances that dissociate water, releasing hydrogen ions.
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What is (A)and where is it found?
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Adenine is one of the amino acids in DNA and RNA
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What is ADP (adenosine diphosphate)?
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ADP is the molecule left behind after ATP has been hydrolyzed, releasing energy.
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What is an amino acid?
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Amino acids are the subunits to proteins. They're made up of three groups:
Amino group Carboxyl group (acid) And the R group (rest of the amino acid) |
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What is an atomic mass?
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The average mass of all the subatomic particles in an atom.
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What is an atomic number?
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The number of protons in an atom.
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What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
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ATP is an energy carrier made in the Mitochondria and provides enough energy for chemical reaction in cells.
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What is base?
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Substances that take up hydrogen ions (H+)
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What is a buffer?
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Natural filters for basic and acidic substances.
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What is a calorie?
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A unit of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1°C.
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What is a carbohydrate?
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Molecules whose primary function is quick and short-term energy storage.
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What is cellulose?
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Polysaccharides found in plant cell walls.
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What are complementary paired bases?
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Bases in DNA that always pair with each other: (A) with (T) and (G) with (C)
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What is a covalent bond?
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When molecules share electrons that orbit around both of them.
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What is (C) and where is it found?
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Cytosine is one of the amino acids found in DNA and RNA.
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What is a dehydration reaction?
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When the equivalent of a water molecule is drawn out of the subunits to create macromolecules.
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What is denaturation?
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An irreversible change in protein's shape due to exposure to extreme heat and pH. Curdled milk or coagulation of egg whites when fried.
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What is a disaccharide?
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Two monosaccharides joined together by a dehydration reaction.
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What is the purpose of a cytoskeleton?
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Maintanes cell shape and assists in movement of cell.
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What is the purpose of lysosomes?
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Vesicle that digests macromolecules and even cell parts.
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What is the purpose of a vesicle?
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Membrane-bounded sac that stores transports substances.
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What is the purpose of cytoplasm?
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Semifluid that contains organelles.
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What is the purpose of the plasma membrane?
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Regulates entrance and exit of substances, maintains shape of cell. Made of phospholipids.
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What is the nuclear envelope?
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Double membrane with nuclear pores that enclose nucleus.
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What is the pupose of chromatin?
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Diffuse threads containing DNA and protein.
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What is the nucleolis?
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Region that produces subunits of ribosomes.
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What is Rough ER?
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Studded with ribosomes, processes proteins.
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What is smooth ER?
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Lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipid molecules.
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What are ribosomes?
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Particles that carry out protein sythesis?
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What are mitochondrion?
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Organelle that carries out cellular respiration, producing ATP.
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What are polyribosomes?
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String of ribosomes that simulateously synthesize the same protein.
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What is the golgi apparatus?
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Processes, packages, and secretes modified cell products.
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