History Test 2

Front 1

If there was one binding experience of the American people before the Revolution, it was….

Back 1

George Whitefield's ministry

Front 2

What was the driving force of colonial population growth during the first half of the 18th century?

Back 2

An unquenchable thirst for labor

Front 3

The largest number of immigrants to the American colonies in the 18th century were….

Back 3

Scots-Irish

Front 4

Most Scots-Irish settled….

Back 4

between English settlers on the seaboard and Native American communities.

Front 5

German immigrants tended to settle

Back 5

in the backcountry from Pennsylvania to the Carolinas.

Front 6

Colonies that welcomes the widest variety of immigrants

Back 6

were the most prosperous.

Front 7

The rate of population growth of Africans in colonial society was...

Back 7

even more dramatic that that of Europeans.

Front 8

Between 1619, possibly when the first African slaves reached Virginia, and the elimination of the international slave trade in the United States in 1808, approximately how many Africans arrived?

Back 8

slightly over 500,000.

Front 9

What was the status of most slaves when Europeans traded for them in Africa?

Back 9

captives of war

Front 10

Time that Africans spent aboard ship en route to enslavement in America was called….

Back 10

middle passage

Front 11

Most of the increase in the slave population in American came from….

Back 11

natural increase

Front 12

A principal reason for the general increase in colonial population was the….

Back 12

lower age of marriage for women and more women marrying.

Front 13

Child mortality among slaves was….

Back 13

between 25 and 50 percent

Front 14

The average family in colonial America had

Back 14

seven or eight children

Front 15

The term "industrious revolution" refers to

Back 15

people producing more so they would have more income to spend.

Front 16

The economy of colonial America was shaped by shortages of land and….

Back 16

capital (shortages of labor)

Front 17

In colonial America, work was organized by….

Back 17

labor unions

Front 18

Most colonial men whose wives died

Back 18

remarried quickly to have someone to care for the household and children.

Front 19

Southern colonies

Back 19

accounted for 60 percent of colonial exports.

Front 20

The chief cash crop among southern colonies was

Back 20

tobacco

Front 21

How did planters keep their slaves busy all year?

Back 21

diversifying crops

Front 22

Families who rented land from other on which they worked for wages were called what in colonial America?

Back 22

sharecroppers

Front 23

Most colonial agricultural exports left America for….

Back 23

the West Indies

Front 24

By the end of the colonial period, what portion of the English merchant fleet had been built in America?

Back 24

….

Front 25

An increase in the shipbuilding industry in colonial America also stimulated what other industry?

Back 25

lumber production

Front 26

Increase prosperity in the colonies enabled...

Back 26

mass consumption of luxury items such as sugar and tea.

Front 27

In the 17th century, extra income usually was spent on...

Back 27

luxury items

Front 28

In the 18th century, people on both sides of the Atlantic developed an interest in a lifestyle known as….

Back 28

gentility

Front 29

All major cities in colonial America were….

Back 29

prosperous

Front 30

In colonial homes, matched sets of tableware and chairs primarily underscored...

Back 30

equality of all guests

Front 31

Historians generally credit the consumer revolution i colonial America as being a….

Back 31

a democratic force

Front 32

SOcial activity in colonial cities was….

Back 32

greatly stratified yet brought people of all classes together.

Front 33

Gathering in colonial taverns, theaters, and religious revivals provided a...

Back 33

forum for exchanging ideas and a seedbed for revolution.

Front 34

Working people in colonial cities….

Back 34

….

Front 35

"Land pressure" refers to...

Back 35

efforts to convince government officials to convey more generous grants of land.

Front 36

Usually colonial parents

Back 36

divided their land with sounds and gave daughters moveable property

Front 37

Chesapeake planters modeled themselves after

Back 37

English country gentlemen

Front 38

Planters in South Carolina

Back 38

preferred to live in elegant houses in Charleston than on their plantations

Front 39

Slaves in coastal areas of the Carolinas spoke a dialect called

Back 39

Gullah

Front 40

The Stono Rebellion in 1739 was

Back 40

the bloodiest slave revolt in the mainland colonies

Front 41

colonist in SOuth Carolina wanted a colony founded south of its location

Back 41

to prevent England from ceding the territory to Spain

Front 42

….was founded as a philanthropic venture and a military-commercial outpost

Back 42

Georgia

Front 43

James Oglethorpe hoped his new colony would produce...

Back 43

sugar and indigo

Front 44

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening

Back 44

were opposites (none) both criticized established authority

Front 45

The Enlightenment was a belief that….

Back 45

understanding and improving the universe could be achieved through the human mind

Front 46

Enlightenment thinkers

Back 46

believed in rational thinking and scoffed at superstition

Front 47

The Great Awakening in the 1740s was a

Back 47

revival movement with an emotional appeal

Front 48

The "face" of the Great Awakening was

Back 48

George WHitefield

Front 49

The Great Awakening

Back 49

….

Front 50

Yale College was founded in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1701 as a

Back 50

training school for ministers of the Church of England

Front 51

The American Revolution grew out of

Back 51

….

Front 52

The growing British Empire and its wars brought threats of

Back 52

greater control over the colonies

Front 53

The most successful method of keeping Native American groups pacified was

Back 53

gifts of trade goods

Front 54

The War of Jenkin's Ear primarily represented a British effort to

Back 54

expand into SPanish territory and markets in America

Front 55

King George's War (1744-1748) began

Back 55

over succession to the austrian throne

Front 56

Generally, rates of taxation in the colonies were low

Back 56

unless it was for war to be financed

Front 57

When asked by the British government to supply money to support imperial wars, colonial assemblies usually

Back 57

asserted their expemtion form taxation without representation

Front 58

No colony did more to support war efforts in North America than

Back 58

Massachusetts

Front 59

Between 1675 and 1763, when war was more common than peace...

Back 59

Native Americans took more than 1,600 new england settlers as captives

Front 60

How did French policy toward Algonquian Native Americans change after King George's War?

Back 60

France cut back on gifts to Native Americans to save money

Front 61

Such change in French policy had the effect of

Back 61

weakening French control over Native Americans

Front 62

How did Miami chieftain Memeskia react when English traders from Pennsylvania reached the Ohio River valley?

Back 62

…..

Front 63

How did France and England attempt to strengthen their grip on the Ohio territory?

Back 63

...

Front 64

The French and Indian War began when

Back 64

….

Front 65

THe ALbany Plan of Union, though unsuccessful, was an

Back 65

….

Front 66

The French dominated the first phase of the French and Indian war because

Back 66

…..

Front 67

Regarding the government's request for assistance from the colonies for imperial wars, officials were

Back 67

….

Front 68

Regarding the quartering of British troops for the winter in homes of colonists in Philadelphia, Ben Franklin

Back 68

….

Front 69

British troops were led by professional soldiers from the upper classes. who usually led colonial troops?

Back 69

officers appointed by senior officials

Front 70

A change in British imperial policy occurred in 1757 when

Back 70

Montcalm defeated British forces at Fort William Henry

Front 71

After 1757, the goal of Britain in North America was to

Back 71

stop other European nations from acquiring colonies in North America

Front 72

An indication that England had gained the upper hand in the French and Indian War could be seen in...

Back 72

...

Front 73

In the Treaty of Easton (1758), Sir WIlliam Johnson promised...

Back 73

….

Front 74

In the decisive battle of Quebec

Back 74

...

Front 75

As a consequence of the Peace of PAris, 1763,

Back 75

...

Front 76

When England discontinued providing gifts to Native Americans after the French and Indian War, the result was...

Back 76

….

Front 77

By the Proclamation of 1763, the British government hoped to

Back 77

...

Front 78

What was the result of Lord Dunmore's War?

Back 78

....

Front 79

What significant change in British military policy occurred in 1763?

Back 79

.....

Front 80

What was the primary purpose of Prime Mnister George grenville's legislation imposing new taxes?

Back 80

....

Front 81

Why did colonists object to the Sugar Act even though the new law lowered an existing tax?

Back 81

.....

Front 82

What was Parliament's specific purpose in passing the Stamp Act?

Back 82

to raise revenue

Front 83

What was Parliament's attitude in its relationship with the colonies?

Back 83

....

Front 84

In ENgland and in the colonies, liberty was looked on as

Back 84

limitation of the power of the monarch

Front 85

A chief example of English civil liberty was the right to be taxed

Back 85

only by one's own representatives

Front 86

A concept of British government known as _____ was composed of two elements-the rule of law and the principle of consent

Back 86

constitutionalism

Front 87

The incept of virtual representation held that

Back 87

....

Front 88

Because of colonial opposition, the Stamp tax was

Back 88

......

Front 89

What was Parliament's attitude following the repeal of the Stamp Tax?

Back 89

....

Front 90

Prime Minister Charles Townshend decided to test the colonists' protests against "internal taxes" such as the Stamp Tax by taxing

Back 90

.....

Front 91

Republicanism represented a growing body of thought on the told of government that believed that

Back 91

.....

Front 92

According to republican thought

Back 92

......

Front 93

What led Governor Francis Bernard to dissolve the Massachusetts legislature?

Back 93

......

Front 94

What was the effect of colonial resistance to the Townshend taxes?

Back 94

.......

Front 95

British troops were sent to Boston in 1786

Back 95

......

Front 96

Why did the incident known as the Boston Massacre occur on March 5, 1770?

Back 96

....

Front 97

____, a free black sailor, was one of those killed in the Boston Massacre.

Back 97

.....

Front 98

What was parliament's purpose in legislation permitting the Birtish East India COmpany to end tea directly to AMerica?

Back 98

.....

Front 99

How did activist leader in the colonies react to the Tea Act of 1773?

Back 99

......

Front 100

How did Parliament respond to the Boston Tea PArty in December 1773?

Back 100

.....

Front 101

James MAdison

Back 101

.....

Front 102

Why did General THomas Gave order British troops to march to Concord in April 1775?

Back 102

......

Front 103

How did New Englanders react to the fighting at Lexington and Concord?

Back 103

......

Front 104

What important lesson did the British learn from their experience in the battle on Breed's Hill?

Back 104

.......

Front 105

What was the greatest challenge facing the Second Continental Congress when it met in Philadelphia?

Back 105

.......

Front 106

Moderate members of Congress in the spring of 1776

Back 106

......

Front 107

In addition to his military experience, George Washington's appointment to lead the Continental army had what benefit?

Back 107

.......

Front 108

Why did OCngress submit the Olive Branch Petition to King George?

Back 108

......

Front 109

In addition to British soldiers, English commanders also used mercenaries known as rebels

Back 109

......

Front 110

Thomas Paine authored a pamphlet titled ____early in 1776 to argue that the American colonies should declare independence from England

Back 110

The federalist papers

Front 111

By late spring of 1776, most member of Congress

Back 111

.......

Front 112

Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence,

Back 112

.......

Front 113

According to the philosophy Thomas Jefferson expressed in the Declaration of Independence, what was the primary responsibility of government?

Back 113

.......

Front 114

The american revolution succeeded because

Back 114

........

Front 115

The Articles of Confederation, as envisioned by John Dickinson

Back 115

.......

Front 116

Between 1775 and 1780, each of the 13 states had adopted a new written constitution. The constitutions tended to

Back 116

.......

Front 117

How did the attitude of the generation of revolutionary americans toward the centralized power of the ENglish government affect their new state constitutions?

Back 117

......

Front 118

What was a significant change in governments in AMerica produced by the revolution?

Back 118

.......

Front 119

What was England's strategy in the first part of the American Revolution

Back 119

.......

Front 120

What was Washington's basic tactic during the revolutionary War?

Back 120

.....

Front 121

____ led revolutionary forces to victory over Lord Cornwallis's command in the Battle of Guilford Court House

Back 121

George Washington

Front 122

What enabled Geroge Washington's victory over Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown?

Back 122

assistance from French soldiers and the French fleet

Front 123

England's use of mercenary troops was

Back 123

........

Front 124

Who led Congress's diplomatic effort to secure recognition and assistance from France during the Revolution?

Back 124

.Thomas Jefferson

Front 125

Why did France become involved in the American Revolution?

Back 125

.........

Front 126

WHat did the new government in America hope to gain besides independence?

Back 126

......

Front 127

How were loyalists treated after the american Revolution ended?

Back 127

......

Front 128

How did the departure of 80,000 loyalists as a consequence of the Revolution affect America?

Back 128

.......

Front 129

.WHat was the most significant American failure in negotiating the Peace of Paris, 1783, which ended the Revolutionary War?

Back 129

.....

Front 130

What offered the greatest opportunity for profit and prosperity once the Revolutionary War ended?

Back 130

....

Front 131

The availability of new farmland west of the appalachian Mountains reversed what pre revolutionary trend?

Back 131

.....

Front 132

What happened to currency printed by Congress and state government in 1770s and 1780s?

Back 132

....

Front 133

Weakness of the central government in the Articles...

Back 133

.....

Front 134

____led an effort to close courts in Massachusetts so property could not be seized for inability to pay taxes

Back 134

......

Front 135

What campaign pledge helped John Hancock win election as governer of Massachusetts ?

Back 135

.....

Front 136

In view of economic woes under the Articles of Confederation, what group of commerce-minded political leaders advocated a strong central government?

Back 136

.....

Front 137

During the American Revolution, American women

Back 137

.....

Front 138

What was the only colony/state that permitted women to vote, if they met property qualifications, until 1807?

Back 138

.....

Front 139

Discussions about women's citizenship and intellectual capacities

Back 139

.....

Front 140

The Quaker____ launched the first antislavery movement in 1754 when he condemned the institutions on humanitarian and religious terms

Back 140

.....

Front 141

What impact did revolutionary ideals have on African slavery in the former English colonies?

Back 141

......

Front 142

How did Native AMericans react the American Revolution?

Back 142

......

Front 143

When American settlers moved westward, they usually

Back 143

.....

Front 144

THe ___ banned slavery from expanding in territory north of the OHio RIver

Back 144

Emancipation Proclamation

Front 145

Generally speaking, after the American Revolution

Back 145

......

Front 146

Why was the election of George Washington as presiding officer of the convention crucial to its success

Back 146

.....

Front 147

What was the principal difference between the Virginia Plan and the NEw jersey Plan for a new national government?

Back 147

.....

Front 148

THe conflict between large states and small states was resolved by the

Back 148

.....

Front 149

WHat were the Federalist Papers?

Back 149

.....

Front 150

Ratification of the new constitution was

Back 150

....

Front 151

Pyro claymation of 1763

Back 151

Confines colonies to the east of an imaginary line running down the spine of the allegheny mountains